Modeling the aerosol chemical composition of the tropopause over the Tibetan Plateau during the Asian summer monsoon

Modeling the aerosol chemical composition of the tropopause over the Tibetan Plateau during the Asian summer monsoon
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模拟亚洲夏季风期间青藏高原对流层顶的气溶胶化学成分

DOI：
10.5194/acp-19-11587-2019
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
Atmos. Chem. Phys.
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lelieveld J.
Lelieveld J.
中科院分区：
其他
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ma J.;Brühl C.;He Q.;Steil B.;Jin Y.;Liu N.;Xu X.;Yan P.;Zhou X.;Abdelrahman K.;Pozzer A.;Lelieveld J.

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抽象的。对流层上部气溶胶丰度增加， 与亚洲夏季风（ASM）相关的平流层下部（UTLS）是 亚洲对流层顶气溶胶层（Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer，简称ATL）。化学 大气中气溶胶的组成、微物理特性和气候效应 安乐在过去十年一直是讨论的主题。在这项工作中， 我们使用ECHAM/MESSy大气化学（EMAC）大气环流 相对精细网格分辨率（约1.1×1.1 mm）的模型 数值模拟气溶胶的排放、化学和传输 多年来ASM反气旋内UTLS及其前兆 2010-2012.我们在UTLS中发现了气溶胶消光的显著最大值 这在很大程度上是由矿物粉尘造成的 从北方青藏高原和斜坡地区发出， 高度至少10公里，并在反气旋内积累 流通我们还发现，氨的排放和对流， 青藏高原的中心主体作出了巨大贡献， 青藏高原UTLS中气态NH3的增强 ASM反气旋区。我们的模拟表明，矿物粉尘，水溶性化合物，如硝酸盐和硫酸盐，以及相关的液态水， 在ASM反气旋内的UTLS中占主导地位的气溶胶灭绝。由于 高背景硫酸盐浓度在反气旋外的屏蔽 从火山，一个相对最小的气溶胶灭绝内的 模拟了平流层下部的反气旋，最明显的是 2011年，纳布罗火山爆发。与矿物粉尘相比， 硝酸盐浓度，硫酸盐随着海拔的增加而增加， 与上层相比，下层平流层的火山效应更大， 对流层我们的研究表明，青藏高原的UTLS可以 作为自然和人为气体的明确管道， 进入平流层。
Abstract. Enhanced aerosol abundance in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) associated with the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) is referred to as the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer (ATAL). The chemical composition, microphysical properties, and climate effects of aerosols in the ATAL have been the subject of discussion over the past decade. In this work, we use the ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) general circulation model at a relatively fine grid resolution (about 1.1×1.1∘) to numerically simulate the emissions, chemistry, and transport of aerosols and their precursors in the UTLS within the ASM anticyclone during the years 2010–2012. We find a pronounced maximum of aerosol extinction in the UTLS over the Tibetan Plateau, which to a large extent is caused by mineral dust emitted from the northern Tibetan Plateau and slope areas, lofted to an altitude of at least 10 km, and accumulating within the anticyclonic circulation. We also find that the emissions and convection of ammonia in the central main body of the Tibetan Plateau make a great contribution to the enhancement of gas-phase NH3 in the UTLS over the Tibetan Plateau and ASM anticyclone region. Our simulations show that mineral dust, water-soluble compounds, such as nitrate and sulfate, and associated liquid water dominate aerosol extinction in the UTLS within the ASM anticyclone. Due to shielding of high background sulfate concentrations outside the anticyclone from volcanoes, a relative minimum of aerosol extinction within the anticyclone in the lower stratosphere is simulated, being most pronounced in 2011, when the Nabro eruption occurred. In contrast to mineral dust and nitrate concentrations, sulfate increases with increasing altitude due to the larger volcano effects in the lower stratosphere compared to the upper troposphere. Our study indicates that the UTLS over the Tibetan Plateau can act as a well-defined conduit for natural and anthropogenic gases and aerosols into the stratosphere.