Trends in GRE scores and graduate enrollments by gender and ethnicity
Trends in GRE scores and graduate enrollments by gender and ethnicity
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DOI：
10.1016/j.intell.2014.05.005
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发表时间：
2014-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Browne, Kingsley
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bleske-Rechek, April;Browne, Kingsley
研究生入学考试（GRE）是一项认知能力测试，可以预测研究生培训的成功与否（Kuncel & Hezlett, 2007; Kuncel, Hezlett, & Ones, 2001; Kuncel, Wee, Serafin, & Hezlett, 2010）。由于它的可靠性、有效性和预测性，它被许多研究生院用来为招生决策提供信息。然而，一些批评者将GRE描述为限制各群体公平获得高等教育的看门人（Dutka, 1999; Pruitt, 1998; Toyama, 1999）。我们探讨了GRE分数随着时间的推移是如何作为应试者性别和种族的函数而变化的，我们调查了长期以来的入学模式是否暗示GRE阻碍了提高高等教育平等的努力。首先，我们发现，自20世纪80年代以来，尽管女性在科学、技术、工程和数学（STEM）研究生项目中的比例大幅增加，但男女GRE定量推理成绩之间的差距几乎没有变化。其次，尽管在研究生项目中，历史上处于劣势的种族的代表有所增加，但GRE考试中的种族差距仍然存在，尤其是在定量推理方面。尽管种族和性别的GRE成绩差距仍然存在，但入学差距已经缩小，因此，继续使用GRE成绩作为录取决定似乎并没有阻碍高等教育中平等代表权的努力。(C) 2014爱思唯尔公司版权所有。
The Graduate Record Examination (GRE) is a cognitive abilities test that predicts success in graduate training (Kuncel & Hezlett, 2007; Kuncel, Hezlett, & Ones, 2001; Kuncel, Wee, Serafin, & Hezlett, 2010). Because of its reliability, validity, and predictive utility, it is used by many graduate schools to inform admissions decisions. However, some critics describe the GRE as a gatekeeper that limits equitable access across groups to higher education (Dutka, 1999; Pruitt, 1998; Toyama, 1999). We explored how scores on the GRE have fared over time as a function of test-taker gender and ethnicity, and we investigated whether enrollment patterns over time implicate the GRE as obstructing efforts toward increasing parity in higher education. First, we found that the gap between men's and women's GRE quantitative reasoning scores has changed little since the 1980s, although female representation in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) graduate programs has increased substantially. Second, ethnic gaps on the GRE persist, especially in quantitative reasoning, although representation of historically disadvantaged ethnic groups in graduate programs has increased. Enrollment gaps have narrowed despite ethnic and gender GRE gaps persisting, so it appears that continued use of the GRE for admissions decisions has not blocked efforts toward equalizing representation in higher education. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.