Commuting fruit bats beneficially modulate their flight in relation to wind
Commuting fruit bats beneficially modulate their flight in relation to wind
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通勤的果蝠有利地调节与风相关的飞行
DOI：
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Wikelski
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Nir Sapir;Nir Horvitz;D. Dechmann;J. Fahr;M. Wikelski
当动物移动时，它们的轨迹可能会受到空气或水的运动的强烈影响，这可能会影响旅行的速度，能量和前景。飞行生物，如蝙蝠，因此可能会受益于修改其飞行响应风矢量。然而，到目前为止，实际困难限制了对自由放养蝙蝠这种反应的理解。我们跟踪了9只稻草色果蝠（Eidolon helvum），它们飞行了42.5 ± 17.5 km（平均值±标准差）。往返于加纳阿克拉附近的栖息地。在详细的大气模拟之后，我们发现蝙蝠补偿了风的漂移，正如在恒定风下预测的那样，并降低了它们的空速以响应顺风的帮助，使得它们的地速保持几乎恒定。此外，蝙蝠的空速随着风速的增加而增加。总体而言，蝙蝠调制他们的空速在不同的风向风速的方式预测的二维最佳运动模型。我们的结论是，复杂的行为机制，以尽量减少运输成本在各种风力条件下的蝙蝠。蝙蝠对风的反应类似于候鸟和昆虫的报告，这表明飞行生物的飞行行为趋同进化。
When animals move, their tracks may be strongly influenced by the motion of air or water, and this may affect the speed, energetics and prospects of the journey. Flying organisms, such as bats, may thus benefit from modifying their flight in response to the wind vector. Yet, practical difficulties have so far limited the understanding of this response for free-ranging bats. We tracked nine straw-coloured fruit bats (Eidolon helvum) that flew 42.5 ± 17.5 km (mean ± s.d.) to and from their roost near Accra, Ghana. Following detailed atmospheric simulations, we found that bats compensated for wind drift, as predicted under constant winds, and decreased their airspeed in response to tailwind assistance such that their groundspeed remained nearly constant. In addition, bats increased their airspeed with increasing crosswind speed. Overall, bats modulated their airspeed in relation to wind speed at different wind directions in a manner predicted by a two-dimensional optimal movement model. We conclude that sophisticated behavioural mechanisms to minimize the cost of transport under various wind conditions have evolved in bats. The bats’ response to the wind is similar to that reported for migratory birds and insects, suggesting convergent evolution of flight behaviours in volant organisms.