Genetic variation in social environment construction influences the development of aggressive behavior in Drosophila melanogaster.
Genetic variation in social environment construction influences the development of aggressive behavior in Drosophila melanogaster.
复制标题
社会环境构建中的遗传变异影响果蝇攻击行为的发展。
作者：
Saltz,JB
个人不仅受制于他们的社会环境;他们通过一个被称为社会环境（或社会生态位）构建的过程来选择和创造社会环境。当基因型在社会环境构建行为上存在差异时，不同的基因型会经历不同的社会环境。由于社会经验经常影响行为发展，数量遗传学和心理学理论预测，社会环境构建中的遗传变异应该在决定表型变异方面发挥重要作用;然而，这一假设尚未得到直接验证。我确定了多种机制的社会环境建设，不同的自然基因型的果蝇，并调查其后果的发展侵略行为。男性基因型在他们喜欢的群体规模和攻击性行为方面存在差异;这两种行为都会影响社会经验，表明这些行为具有社会环境构建特征的功能。此外，社会经验的影响，部分取决于社会环境建设结转影响焦点男性侵略在稍后的时间和一个新的对手。这些结果为心理学中长期存在的假设提供了操纵性实验支持，即社会环境构建中的遗传变异在行为发展中具有因果作用。更广泛地说，这些结果意味着，对复杂性状遗传基础的研究应该扩大到包括遗传变异塑造个体所经历的环境的机制。
Individuals are not merely subject to their social environments; they choose and create them, through a process called social environment (or social niche) construction. When genotypes differ in social environment-constructing behaviors, different genotypes are expected to experience different social environments. As social experience often affects behavioral development, quantitative genetics and psychology theories predict that genetic variation in social environment construction should have an important role in determining phenotypic variation; however, this hypothesis has not been tested directly. I identify multiple mechanisms of social environment construction that differ among natural genotypes of Drosophila melanogaster and investigate their consequences for the development of aggressive behavior. Male genotypes differed in the group sizes that they preferred and in their aggressive behavior; both of these behaviors influenced social experience, demonstrating that these behaviors function as social environment-constructing traits. Further, the effects of social experience—as determined in part by social environment construction—carried over to affect focal male aggression at a later time and with a new opponent. These results provide manipulative experimental support for longstanding hypotheses in psychology, that genetic variation in social environment construction has a causal role in behavioral development. More broadly, these results imply that studies of the genetic basis of complex traits should be expanded to include mechanisms by which genetic variation shapes the environments that individuals experience.