Implicit and explicit COVID-19 associations and mental health in the United States: a large-scale examination and replication.
Implicit and explicit COVID-19 associations and mental health in the United States: a large-scale examination and replication.
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美国的隐性和显性的 COVID-19 关联与心理健康：大规模检查和复制。
DOI：
10.1080/10615806.2023.2176486
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Teachman,BethanyA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Werntz,Alexandra;O'Shea,BrianA;Sjobeck,Gustav;Howell,Jennifer;Lindgren,KristenP;Teachman,BethanyA
鉴于COVID-19信念的敏感性，明确和隐含地评估它们可能会更全面地了解这些信念如何基于身份而变化，以及它们如何与心理健康相关。我们创建并评估了三种新颖的简短内隐关联测试（BIAT）：两种测量COVID-19危险（与安全），一种测量COVID-19必要（与不必要）。根据个人的人口统计学特征，对内隐和外显COVID-19关联进行了研究。内隐关联被假设为对个人心理健康自我报告的独特贡献。方法参与者（N= 13，413名美国居民; 2020年4月至11月）是COVID-19研究的志愿者。参与者完成了一项BIAT和自我报告措施。这是一个预先注册的研究，有计划的内部replication. ResultsResultsResultsResults显示，年龄较大的弱相关性较强的隐性和显性协会的COVID作为危险和ψ tions作为必要的。黑人和亚洲人比白色人更有必要采取预防措施（具有小到中等影响）;教育程度越高，就越明确地报告COVID-19是危险的，而预防措施是必要的，影响也越小。COVID-19作为危险的外显关联与心理健康之间的重复关系影响非常小。ConclusionsImplicit associations并不能预测心理健康，但有证据表明，更强的COVID-19作为危险的外显关联与更差的心理健康之间存在弱相关。
BackgroundGiven the sensitive nature of COVID-19 beliefs, evaluating them explicitly and implicitly may provide a fuller picture of how these beliefs vary based on identities and how they relate to mental health.ObjectiveThree novel brief implicit association tests (BIATs) were created and evaluated: two that measured COVID-19-as-dangerous (vs. safe) and one that measured COVID-19 precautions-as-necessary (vs. unnecessary). Implicit and explicit COVID-19 associations were examined based on individuals’ demographic characteristics. Implicit associations were hypothesized to uniquely contribute to individuals’ self-reports of mental health.MethodsParticipants (N= 13,413 US residents; April-November 2020) were volunteers for a COVID-19 study. Participants completed one BIAT and self-report measures. This was a preregistered study with a planned internal replication.ResultsResults revealed older age was weakly associated with stronger implicit and explicit associations of COVID-as-dangerous and precautions-as-necessary. Black and Asian individuals reported greater necessity of taking precautions than White individuals (with small-to-medium effects); greater education was associated with greater explicit reports of COVID-19-as-dangerous and precautions-as-necessary with small effects. Replicated relationships between COVID-as-dangerous explicit associations and mental health had very small effects.ConclusionsImplicit associations did not predict mental health but there was evidence that stronger COVID-19-as-dangerous explicit associations are weakly associated with worse mental health.