Synonymous Codons: Choose Wisely for Expression.
Synonymous Codons: Choose Wisely for Expression.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.tig.2017.02.001
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发表时间：
2017-04
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Grayhack EJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Brule CE;Grayhack EJ
定义蛋白质氨基酸序列的遗传密码也包含影响翻译速率和效率的信息。密码子介导的调控机制和功能都不清楚。流行的模型是，由稀有tRNA解码的密码子的缓慢翻译降低了效率。最近的全基因组分析澄清了三个问题。特定的密码子和密码子组合确实调节核糖体的速度并促进蛋白质折叠。然而，tRNA的可用性不是速率的唯一决定因素，而是相邻密码子之间的相互作用和摆动碱基配对是关键。一种将翻译效率和密码子使用联系起来的机制是较慢的解码与降低的mRNA稳定性相关联。tRNA供应介导生物调节：tRNA量的变化促进癌症转移。
The genetic code, which defines the amino acid sequence of a protein, also contains information that influences the rate and efficiency of translation. Neither the mechanisms nor functions of codon-mediated regulation were understood. The prevailing model was that slow translation of codons decoded by rare tRNAs reduces efficiency. Recent genome-wide analyses have clarified three issues. Specific codons and codon combinations do modulate ribosome speed and facilitate protein folding. However, tRNA availability is not the sole determinant of rate, rather interactions between adjacent codons and wobble base pairing are key. One mechanism linking translation efficiency and codon use is that slower decoding is coupled to reduced mRNA stability. tRNA supply mediates biological regulation: changes in tRNA amounts facilitate cancer metastasis.