Mapping wetland changes in China between 1978 and 2008
Mapping wetland changes in China between 1978 and 2008
复制标题
绘制 1978 年至 2008 年间中国湿地变化图
DOI：
10.1007/s11434-012-5093-3
复制
发表时间：
2012-08-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Gong Peng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Niu ZhenGuo;Zhang HaiYing;Gong Peng
基于1978年至2008年（1978年、1990年、2000年和2008年）的Landsat和CBERS-02B遥感数据，绘制了四幅中国湿地地图。这些地图主要是通过人工解译开发的，并在2009年通过大量实地调查进行了验证。在此基础上，分析了2008年中国湿地的分布特征，探讨了近30年来中国湿地的变化及其驱动因素。(i) 2008年湿地面积约为324097 km2，其中内陆沼泽或沼泽是最常见的湿地类型（35%），其次是湖泊（26%）。（ii） 1978 - 2008年，中国湿地面积持续显著减少，湿地地图变化幅度约为33%。这与人工湿地的增加形成鲜明对比，人工湿地增加了约122%。从1978年到2000年，内陆沼泽占湿地总损失的主要部分。2000 - 2008年，河流和湖泊湿地构成了主要的湿地损失。幸运的是，湿地损失率从5523 km2/a下降到831 km2/a。（iii）过去30年，丧失的天然湿地（包括内陆和沿海湿地）与非湿地的比率略有下降。从1978年到1990年，几乎所有消失的天然湿地（98%）都变成了非湿地。然而，从1990年到2000年，这一比例下降到86%，从2000年到2008年，这一比例下降到77%。（iv）根据湿地变化的格局将中国各省划分为3类，这可能与湿地变化的驱动力有关。经济发展加快导致东部大部分省份湿地损失较大，人工湿地增加。
Four wetland maps for all China have been produced, based on Landsat and CBERS-02B remote sensing data between 1978 and 2008 (1978, 1990, 2000 and 2008). These maps were mainly developed by manual interpretation and validated by substantial field investigation in 2009. Based on these maps, we analyzed the 2008 wetland distribution in China and discussed wetland changes and their drivers over the past 30 years. (i) There were about 324097 km2of wetlands in 2008, for which inland marshes or swamps were the most common wetland type (35%), with lakes (26%) second. Most of the wetlands were in Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Qinghai and Tibet, occupying about 55% of the national wetland area. (ii) From 1978 to 2008, China’s wetland area continually and significantly decreased, by about 33% based on changes in the wetland map. This was in sharp contrast to the increase in artificial wetlands, which increased by about 122%. Inland marshes accounted for the main loss of total wetlands from 1978 to 2000. From 2000 through 2008, riverine and lacustrine wetlands constituted the main wetland loss. Fortunately however, the rate of wetland loss decreased from 5523 to 831 km2/a. (iii) The change ratio of lost natural wetlands (including inland and coastal wetlands) to non-wetlands has decreased slightly over the past 30 years. From 1978 to 1990, nearly all natural wetlands (98%) lost were transformed into non-wetlands. However, the ratio declined to 86% from 1990 to 2000, and to 77% from 2000 to 2008. (iv) All Chinese provinces were divided into three groups according to patterns of wetland changes, which could relate to the driving forces of such changes. Tibet was completely different from other provinces, as it was one representative example in which there was a net wetland increase, because of global warming and decreased human activity since 1990. Increased economic development caused considerable wetland loss in most eastern provinces, and artificial wetlands increased.