Liver Capsule: Portal Hypertension and Varices: Pathogenesis, Stages, and Management.
Liver Capsule: Portal Hypertension and Varices: Pathogenesis, Stages, and Management.
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DOI：
10.1002/hep.29026
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发表时间：
2017-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Garcia-Tsao, Guadalupe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Shung, Dennis L;Garcia-Tsao, Guadalupe
光线、食物和/或锻炼被认为是重要的外部诱因，而内在诱因包括激素(如糖皮质激素)、神经系统化合物(如肾上腺素或去甲肾上腺素)、体温和细胞因子(如肿瘤坏死因子a)。然而，尚不清楚这些未知的分子和/或这些分子中的变化在特定疾病中的相关性。癌症和生物钟系统之间的相互作用已被广泛研究。根据世界卫生组织的国际癌症研究机构(2007)，夜班工作与癌症有关。重要的是，乳腺癌(女性)和前列腺癌(男性)在上夜班的人中发病率很高。同样，时钟基因敲除小鼠与正常家鼠相比，也显示出高癌症发病率和高进展率。几个细胞周期相关基因(如MYC、CCND1和WEE1)受时钟基因调控，细胞周期速度也与时钟基因机制耦合。(3)尽管许多研究集中在癌细胞中的时钟，但很少有研究考察癌细胞周围组织中的变化。利用组学技术，Masri等人(2)在携带基因诱导的肺腺癌的小鼠的肝脏中发现了一个有趣的代谢过程；他们观察到，来自癌细胞的某些分子内源性地操纵远端组织。
Light, food, and/or exercise are considered important external zeitgebers, while internal zeitgebers include hormones (eg, glucocorticoids), nervous system compounds (eg, epinephrine or norepinephrine), body temperature, and cytokines (eg, tumor necrosis factor a). However, the relevance of unidentified zeitgebers and/or alterations in these zeitgebers in specific diseases remains unknown.Mutual interactions between cancer and the circadian clock system have been investigated extensively. Night shift work is associated with carcinomas according to the World Health Organization’s International Agency for Research on Cancer (2007). Importantly, breast (in females) and prostate cancers (in males) show high incidences in individuals who work the night shift. Similarly, clock gene knockout mice, when compared with normal house mice, also show a high incidence of cancer and high progression rates. Several cell cycle–related genes (eg, MYC, CCND1, and WEE1) are regulated by clock genes, and cell cycle speed is also coupled to the clock gene machinery.(3) Although many studies have focused on clocks in cancer cells, few studies have examined alterations in tissues neighboring cancer cells. Using omics techniques, Masri et al.(2) found an interesting phenomenon in metabolic processes in livers of mice bearing genetically induced lung adenocarcinoma; they observed that some zeitgebers from cancer cells endogenously manipulate distal tissue met-