A GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF NEW-WORLD LEISHMANIA USING NUMERICAL ZYMOTAXONOMY
A GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF NEW-WORLD LEISHMANIA USING NUMERICAL ZYMOTAXONOMY
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DOI：
10.4269/ajtmh.1994.50.296
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发表时间：
1994-03-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
MOMEN, H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
CUPOLILLO, E;GRIMALDI, G;MOMEN, H
采用酶电泳法对从新大陆不同地区和寄主分离的250余株利什曼原虫进行了分析，并将其电态特征与代表该寄生虫大部分已描述种的19株参考菌株进行了比较。分析得到的18个酶位点具有高度多态性，并将菌株分为44个酶型，每个酶型组菌株具有相同的酶谱。每个酶模体被认为是一个基本的分类单元，表型和系统发育关系由聚集、等级、排序和分支技术确定。不同的分类方法产生了非常相似的结果。通过数值方法将44种酶解聚为利什曼原虫亚属和维亚尼亚原虫亚属两类。Viannia亚属为单系植物，可进一步划分为L. braziliensis、L. naiffi、L. guyanensis/L . panamensis/L . shawi等物种复合体，以及L. lainsoni等个别分类群。另一方面，利什曼原虫亚属是多系的，与利什曼原虫有关的新世界分离株与墨西哥利什曼原虫种复合体分开聚集。该组中其他酶型体多为独立的分类群。结果证实利什曼属是一个有效的分类单元，但利什曼亚属的地位有待进一步研究。巴西利什曼原虫（Leishmania brazil）和奈菲利什曼原虫（L. naiffi）是最具多态性的种，而古雁利什曼原虫（L. guyanensis）虽然是本研究中发现的最常见的种，但具有显著的同质性。唯一的变种是在亚马逊河以南发现的。在这条河的北部，物种是单一的。
More than 250 strains of Leishmania isolated from different localities and hosts in the New World were analyzed by enzyme electrophoresis, and their electromorphic profiles were compared with 19 reference strains representing most of the described species of this parasite. The 18 enzymic loci analyzed were very polymorphic, and the strains were classified into 44 zymodemes, each grouping strains with the same enzyme profiles. Each zymodeme was considered as an elementary taxon and the phenetic and phylogenetic relationships were determined by agglomerative hierarchical, ordination, and cladistic techniques. The different classification methods produced very similar results. The 44 zymodemes could be clustered into two groups, corresponding to the subgenera Leishmania and Viannia, by the numerical methods. The subgenus Viannia was shown to be monophyletic and could be further divided into species complexes representing L. braziliensis, L. naiffi, and L. guyanensis/L panamensis/L shawi, as well as some isolated taxa including L. lainsoni. The subgenus Leishmania, on the other hand, was polyphyletic, with New World isolates related to L. major clustered separately from the L. mexicana species complex. Most of the other zymodemes in this group represented independent taxa. The results confirm Viannia as a valid taxon but suggest that the status of the subgenus Leishmania should be further investigated. Leishmania braziliensis and L. naiffi were shown to be the most polymorphic species, while L. guyanensis, in spite of being the most common species found in this study, was remarkably homogeneous. The only variants were found south of the Amazon river. North of this river, the species was monomorphic.