Offset Responses in the Auditory Cortex Show Unique History Dependence.
Offset Responses in the Auditory Cortex Show Unique History Dependence.
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.0494-22.2022
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发表时间：
2022-09-28
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Hasenstaub, Andrea R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Olsen, Timothy;Hasenstaub, Andrea R.
感觉反应通常根据最近的感觉经验而变化。这对于过程是必不可少的，包括适应、高效编码和变更检测。在听觉皮层（AC）中，声音诱发反应的短期历史依赖性已经得到了很好的表征。然而，许多交流神经元也对声音终止有反应，但对这些“补偿”反应的历史依赖性知之甚少，是否发生和补偿反应的短期动态相关，或者这些特性如何在细胞类型中分布。在这里，我们给醒着的雄性和雌性小鼠重复噪音刺激，同时记录初级交流的单个单元活动。我们通过光标记识别了小白蛋白和生长抑素中间神经元，并区分了窄峰和宽峰单元。我们发现抵消反应通常比初始反应更少抑郁，并且这一结果对于各种刺激参数、控制、测量类型和选择标准都是稳健的。细胞的起始反应是促进还是抑制并不能预测其抵消反应是促进还是抑制。细胞类型在发病反应的动态上有所不同，在患病率上有所不同，但在抵消反应的动态上没有差异。最后，我们根据尖峰反应对细胞进行聚类，发现反应簇与细胞类型有关。每个细胞簇包含几种类型的细胞，但即使在一个细胞簇中，细胞也经常表现出细胞类型特异性的反应动力学。我们得出的结论是，最近的声音历史对开始和抵消反应有不同的影响，并讨论了这对持续声音刺激编码的影响。意义声明感觉神经元的反应依赖于刺激的历史。这种历史依赖性对感觉处理至关重要，在单个突触和回路中被精确控制，并适应不同感觉系统的特定要求。在听觉皮层中，神经元对声音的停止和声音本身都有反应，但是历史依赖是如何沿着这个独立的“偏移”信息流使用的，这是未知的。我们发现抵消反应比声音反应更容易，即使在声音反应抑制的神经元中也是如此。与正常启动反应相反，偏移反应在许多细胞中不存在，相对均匀，并且在历史依赖性中没有细胞类型特异性差异。偏移响应表现出独特的响应动态，表明其独特的功能。
Sensory responses typically vary depending on the recent history of sensory experience. This is essential for processes, including adaptation, efficient coding, and change detection. In the auditory cortex (AC), the short-term history dependence of sound-evoked (onset) responses has been well characterized. Yet many AC neurons also respond to sound terminations, and little is known about the history dependence of these “offset” responses, whether the short-term dynamics of onset and offset responses are correlated, or how these properties are distributed among cell types. Here we presented awake male and female mice with repeating noise burst stimuli while recording single-unit activity from primary AC. We identified parvalbumin and somatostatin interneurons through optotagging, and also separated narrow-spiking from broad-spiking units. We found that offset responses are typically less depressive than onset responses, and this result was robust to a variety of stimulus parameters, controls, measurement types, and selection criteria. Whether a cell's onset response facilitates or depresses does not predict whether its offset response facilitates or depresses. Cell types differed in the dynamics of their onset responses, and in the prevalence, but not the dynamics, of their offset responses. Finally, we clustered cells according to spiking responses and found that response clusters were associated with cell type. Each cluster contained cells of several types, but even within a cluster, cells often showed cell type-specific response dynamics. We conclude that onset and offset responses are differentially influenced by recent sound history, and discuss the implications of this for the encoding of ongoing sound stimuli. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Sensory neuron responses depend on stimulus history. This history dependence is crucial for sensory processing, is precisely controlled at individual synapses and circuits, and is adaptive to the specific requirements of different sensory systems. In the auditory cortex, neurons respond to sound cessation as well as to sound itself, but how history dependence is used along this separate, “offset” information stream is unknown. We show that offset responses are more facilitatory than sound responses, even in neurons where sound responses depress. In contrast to sound onset responses, offset responses are absent in many cells, are relatively homogeneous, and show no cell type-specific differences in history dependence. Offset responses thus show unique response dynamics, suggesting their unique functions.