Accreditation as a regulatory option for Antarctic bioprospecting
Accreditation as a regulatory option for Antarctic bioprospecting
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认证作为南极生物勘探的监管选择
DOI：
10.1017/s0032247406005766
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
0.8
通讯作者：
Melissa A. Weber
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Melissa A. Weber
目前南极生物勘探（bioprospecting）缺乏具体的政策制度已成为近期讨论的焦点。考虑了《生物多样性公约》（CBD）、《联合国海洋法公约》（UNCLOS）和《南极条约体系》（ATS）的衔接。本文旨在介绍行业认证解决现有监管不确定性的潜力。海洋管理委员会（MSC）对可持续渔业的认证以及正在为南极旅游运营商制定的认证计划提供了与南极条约体系相互作用的行业认证的例子。认证可以为行业提供一个促进合法活动的途径，表明愿意遵守现有原则和既定法规，同时可能减少过度监管的感觉。在制定更具约束力的措施时，认证也可以作为临时解决方案。虽然南极生物勘探认证并非没有局限性，但它确实为南极条约协商国（ATCP）提供了一个途径，让行业利益相关者参与其中、澄清现有义务并促进符合南极条约体系原则的监管举措。
The current lack of a specific policy regime for Antarctic biological prospecting (bioprospecting) has emerged as a focus of recent discussion. Consideration has been given to the interface of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS). This paper aims to introduce the potential for industry accreditation to address existing regulatory uncertainty. The Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) accreditation for sustainable fisheries and the accreditation scheme being developed for Antarctic tour operators provide examples of industry accreditation that interplay with the Antarctic Treaty System. Accreditation may provide an avenue for industry to promote legitimate activities, demonstrate willingness to comply with existing principles and established regulations while the perception of being over-regulated is potentially reduced. Accreditation may also serve as an interim solution while more binding measures are developed. While Antarctic bioprospecting accreditation is not without its limitations, it does provide an avenue for the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties (ATCPs) to engage industry stakeholders, clarify existing obligations and promote a regulatory initiative in conformity with the principles of the Antarctic Treaty System.