Context-dependence in legal decision making
Context-dependence in legal decision making
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DOI：
10.1086/467979
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发表时间：
1996-06-01
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
Tversky, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kelman, M;Rottenstreich, Y;Tversky, A
经典的选择理论将每个选项与一个唯一的值相关联，这样，给定一个提供的集合，决策者选择最高值的选项。一个直接的结果是上下文独立性：任何两个选项的相对排名不应该随着其他选项的存在或不存在而变化。五个实验揭示了法律的决策中两个系统性违反上下文独立性的情况：当同一选项在所提供的集合中处于中间而不是极端时，该选项被更有利地评估（折衷），并且当存在明显劣于该选项的类似选项时，该选项被更有利地评估（对比）。语境依赖在法律的决策中的规定性影响进行了讨论。
Classical theories of choice associate with each option a unique value such that, given an offered set, the decision maker chooses the option of highest value, An immediate consequence is context-independence: the relative ranking of any two options should not vary with the presence or absence of other options, Five experiments reveal two systematic violations of context-independence in legal decision making: the same option is evaluated more favorably when it is intermediate rather than extreme in the offered set (compromise), and the same option is evaluated more favorably in the presence of a similar option that is clearly inferior to it (contrast). Prescriptive implications of context-dependence in legal decision making are discussed.