New Insights into Pig Taxonomy Domestication and Human Dispersal in Island South East Asia: Molar Shape Analysis of Sus Remains from Niah Caves, Sarawak
New Insights into Pig Taxonomy Domestication and Human Dispersal in Island South East Asia: Molar Shape Analysis of Sus Remains from Niah Caves, Sarawak
复制标题
DOI：
10.1002/oa.974
复制
发表时间：
2009-07-01
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
Dobney, K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cucchi, T.;Fujita, M.;Dobney, K.
尽管在东南亚岛（ISEA）几乎无处不在的全新世猪遗骸，猪的驯化和它们在该地区的传播仍然有些混乱。使用臼齿形状几何形态测量分析，考古苏牙系列从砂拉越洞穴尼亚（无陶瓷，新石器时代）和Lobang Kudih（明时期），与现存的ISEA野猪比较，以建立其分类地位，并进一步探索当地驯化或引进外来人口的证据。现代数据集的结果表明，轮廓分析的第三下磨牙实现了高度显着的间和种内分化ISEA野猪，与表型的分歧结构显示一致的分子遗传学。牙齿形状和线粒体DNA证据都强烈表明，所谓的新几内亚野猪是在东南亚大陆驯化的猪的后代，并由早期农民引入ISEA。我们的数据没有提供明确的证据，新石器时代引入的驯化猪，或本地驯化的土著胡子猪，因为所有的陶瓷和新石器时代的猪从尼亚洞穴已被确定为土著胡子猪（猪）。由于观察到发育不全是驯化过程的一个标志，因此不排除觅食动物进行当地驯化实验的可能性。新石器时代晚期和金属时代之间的外来家猪的引进建议，因为这种小型家猪从Lobang Kudih洞穴显示出强烈的表型关系与S。新几内亚的scrota，被分子生物地理学认为是“太平洋分支”的一部分，与拉皮塔和波利尼西亚的传播有关。也有人建议引进类似西里伯斯的物种。未来的研究应纳入更广泛的时间尺度和地理框架数据集，以加强这些假设。版权所有（C）2008年约翰威利父子。公司
Despite the almost ubiquitous presence of Holocene Sus remains in Island South East Asia (ISEA), the domestication of pigs and their dispersal in this region remains somewhat confused. Using molar shape geometric morphometric analysis, archaeological Sus dental series from the Sarawak caves of Niah (Aceramic, Neolithic) and Lobang Kudih (Ming period), are compared with extant ISEA wild pigs to establish their taxonomic status and to further explore the evidence for local domestication or introduction of allochthonous populations. Results on modern data-sets show that outline analysis of the third lower molar achieves highly significant inter- and intra-specific differentiation among ISEA wild pigs, with a phenotypic divergence structure displaying congruence with molecular phylogenies. Both tooth shape and mtDNA evidence strongly suggest the so-called wild pigs of New Guinea to be the descendants of pigs domesticated in mainland South East Asia and introduced by early farmers to ISEA. None of our data provide clear evidence for a Neolithic introduction of domesticated pigs, or for the local domestication of indigenous bearded pigs, since all Aceramic and Neolithic pigs from Niah cave have been identified as indigenous bearded pig (Sus barbatus). Local domestication experiments by foragers have not been ruled out, since evidence of hypoplasia as a marker of domestication processes has been observed. Introduction of allochthonous domestic pigs between the Late Neolithic and the Metal Age is suggested, since this small domestic breed from Lobang Kudih cave displays strong phenetic relationships with S. scrota of New Guinea, recognised by molecular phylogeography as part of the 'Pacific Clade' linked both with Lapita and Polynesian dispersals. Introduction of celebensis-like species has also been suggested. Future studies should incorporate broader time-scale and geographical framework data-sets to strengthen these assumptions. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons. Ltd.