Reduced crop damage by self-regulation of aphids in an ecologically enriched, insecticide-free apple orchard
Reduced crop damage by self-regulation of aphids in an ecologically enriched, insecticide-free apple orchard
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在生态丰富、无杀虫剂的苹果园中通过蚜虫的自我调节减少作物损害
DOI：
10.1007/s13593-017-0476-0
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
C. Daniel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
F. Cahenzli;L. Pfiffner;C. Daniel
加强农业害虫管理的天敌是一种不断扩展的方法，为害虫防治提供了新的机会，并有可能减少杀虫剂的使用。对各种种植制度的大量研究清楚地表明，适当的措施可以使天敌受益。然而，尽管人们总是假设天敌增加和随后害虫数量减少会产生遗留效应，从而导致作物损害减少，但很少得到证实。我们建立了一个无杀虫剂的苹果园，通过为天敌提供庇护所、花蜜、替代猎物/宿主和花粉来优化害虫的自我调节。在六个生长季中，我们重点防治苹果主要害虫车前夜蛾 (Dysaphis plantaginea)。虽然第二次落果后的果实损害不受蚜虫昆虫群的影响，但与去年秋天的蜘蛛丰度呈负相关，当时蚜虫会迁移回果园建立下一代。具体来说，我们发现蜘蛛网面积的增加减少了春季蚜虫的数量以及随后的果实损害。我们的研究结果表明，增强的天敌对减少作物损害具有很少被证实的残留效应，并且我们首次展示了如何在不使用杀虫剂的情况下管理红苹果蚜虫。
Enhancing natural enemies for pest management in agriculture is an expanding approach offering new opportunities for pest control and the potential to reduce insecticide use. Numerous studies in a variety of cropping systems clearly have shown that adequate measures can benefit natural enemies. However, although carry-over effects from an increase in natural enemies and a subsequent decrease in pest populations leading to a reduction in crop damage are always assumed, they are rarely proven. We established an insecticide-free apple orchard optimized for the self-regulation of pests by supporting natural enemies with shelter, nectar, alternative prey/hosts, and pollen. For six growing seasons, we focused on the control of the major apple pest Dysaphis plantaginea. While fruit damage after the second fruit drop was not affected by aphidophagous insect guilds, it was negatively related to spider abundance in the previous autumn, when aphids immigrate back to the orchard to establish the next generation. In detail, we found that an increase in spider web area reduced the number of aphid fundatrices in spring and subsequently fruit damage. Our findings indicate the rarely proven carry-over effect of enhanced natural enemies on decreased crop damage and we show for the first time, how the rosy apple aphid can be managed without the use of insecticides.