Funding Sustainable Cities: A Comparative Study of Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-City and Shenzhen International Low-Carbon City
Funding Sustainable Cities: A Comparative Study of Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-City and Shenzhen International Low-Carbon City
复制标题
资助可持续城市：中新天津生态城与深圳国际低碳城的比较研究
作者：
C. Zhan;M. Jong;H. Bruijn
中国经历了快速的城市化进程，但随之而来的是严重的环境问题。因此，中国开始发展各种生态城市、低碳城市和其他类型的可持续城市。这些可持续发展计划的大规模启动，以及这些项目的较高成本，都需要中国政府投入大量资金。采用什么金融工具来资助这一建设已成为一个关键问题。在此背景下，作者选择了中新天津生态城（SSTEC）和深圳国际低碳城（ILCC），并比较了它们的建设融资方式。到目前为止，这两个案例都被认为是成功的。结果表明，两种情况在两个关键方面存在差异。首先，与SSTEC相比，ILCC开发的模式从中国中央政府和外国政府获得的资金和其他支持更少，因此，作为其他类似项目的灵感来源，ILCC可能更有价值，因为这些项目并不总是能获得国家层面的政治支持。其次，通过在国际资本市场发行债券，SSTEC在中国的各种可持续举措中脱颖而出，而整体规划村庄区域和地铁+房地产模式是ILCC的独特做法。最后，作者提出了一个通用的融资模型，该模型不仅考虑了经济回报，还考虑了社会和环境影响，以促进未来以更结构性的方式进行融资的举措。
China has gone through a rapid process of urbanization, but this has come along with serious environmental problems. Therefore, it has started to develop various eco-cities, low-carbon cities, and other types of sustainable cities. The massive launch of these sustainable initiatives, as well as the higher cost of these projects, requires the Chinese government to invest large sums of money. What financial toolkits can be employed to fund this construction has become a critical issue. Against this backdrop, the authors have selected Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-city (SSTEC) and Shenzhen International Low-Carbon City (ILCC) and compared how they finance their construction. Both are thus far considered to be successful cases. The results show that the two cases differ from each other in two key aspects. First, ILCC has developed a model with less financial and other supports from the Chinese central government and foreign governments than SSTEC, and, hence, may be more valuable as a source of inspiration for other similar projects for which political support at the national level is not always available. Second, by issuing bonds in the international capital market, SSTEC singles itself out among various sustainable initiatives in China, while planning the village area as a whole and the metro plus property model are distinct practices in ILCC. In the end, the authors present a generic financing model that considers not only economic returns but also social and environmental impacts to facilitate future initiatives to finance in more structural ways.