Why does parental language input style predict child language development? A twin study of gene-environment correlation
Why does parental language input style predict child language development? A twin study of gene-environment correlation
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.jcomdis.2015.07.004
复制
发表时间：
2015-09-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Plomin, Robert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dale, Philip S.;Tosto, Maria Grazia;Plomin, Robert
父母的输入方式和儿童语言发展之间存在着明确的相关性，这通常被解释为输入方式导致儿童语言变化或影响儿童语言变化速度的证据。我们从一项大型双胞胎研究（TEDS;本报告有8395对）中提出证据，表明也可能存在儿童对父母的影响以及父母和儿童的共同遗传效应。自我报告的父母的语言风格在儿童3岁和4岁的汇总成一个“非正式的语言刺激”的因素和“纠正性反馈”的因素在每个年龄段，前者是正相关的儿童语言同时和纵向在3，4，和4.5岁，而后者是弱负相关。父母的输入因素都是中度遗传的，儿童语言也是如此。纵向双变量分析表明，语言刺激因子与儿童语言之间的相关是显着和中度，由于共享的基因。有一些提示性的证据从纵向表型分析，从父母的语言刺激，以儿童语言的预测包括唤起和被动的基因-环境的相关性，后者发挥了更大的作用。学习成果：读者将理解为什么父母的语言和儿童语言的速度之间的相关性本身是模棱两可的，以及如何双胞胎研究可以澄清的关系。读者还将理解，基于本研究，父母语言风格的至少两个方面-非正式语言刺激和纠正反馈-具有实质性的遗传影响，并且对于非正式语言刺激，对儿童语言的预测的很大一部分代表了父母和儿童共同基因的影响。我们还应该理解，这些基本的研究结果并不意味着父母的语言输入风格不重要，或者干预措施无效。(C)2015作者爱思唯尔公司出版
There are well-established correlations between parental input style and child language development, which have typically been interpreted as evidence that the input style causes, or influences the rate of, changes in child language. We present evidence from a large twin study (TEDS; 8395 pairs for this report) that there are also likely to be both child-to-parent effects and shared genetic effects on parent and child. Self-reported parental language style at child age 3 and age 4 was aggregated into an 'informal language stimulation' factor and a 'corrective feedback' factor at each age; the former was positively correlated with child language concurrently and longitudinally at 3, 4, and 4.5 years, whereas the latter was weakly and negatively correlated. Both parental input factors were moderately heritable, as was child language. Longitudinal bivariate analysis showed that the correlation between the language stimulation factor and child language was significantly and moderately due to shared genes. There is some suggestive evidence from longitudinal phenotypic analysis that the prediction from parental language stimulation to child language includes both evocative and passive gene-environment correlation, with the latter playing a larger role.Learning outcomes: The reader will understand why correlations between parental language and rate of child language are by themselves ambiguous, and how twin studies can clarify the relationship. The reader will also understand that, based on the present study, at least two aspects of parental language style - informal language stimulation and corrective feedback - have substantial genetic influence, and that for informal language stimulation, a substantial portion of the prediction to child language represents the effect of shared genes on both parent and child. It will also be appreciated that these basic research findings do not imply that parental language input style is unimportant or that interventions cannot be effective. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.