Territorial fish distinguish familiar neighbours individually
Territorial fish distinguish familiar neighbours individually
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领地鱼单独区分熟悉的邻居
DOI：
10.1163/1568539x-00003489
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Kohda M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Saeki D;Sogawa S;Hotta T;Kohda M
真正的个体识别(TIR)，即区分多个熟悉的成员的能力，比类级识别更复杂，从灵长类、其他一些社会哺乳动物、鸟类和脊椎动物的蜥蜴中报道了执行TIR能力的证据。这些动物表现出高度的社会结构，其中TIR对于它们的社会互动是必不可少的。这种高度的社会性在鱼类中得到了记录，但关于TIR的明确证据一直很有限。慈鱼，Neolamprologus Pulcher，一种守卫领土的合作繁殖者，展示了亲密的敌人关系。在这里，我们展示了这种鱼分别区分两个熟悉的邻居，即TIR能力，使用单向镜子在实验水箱中。焦点鱼与两个邻居NaN和Nb建立了亲密的敌人关系，并对这些熟悉的邻居表现出有限的攻击性。然而，当它们被从坦克的原侧移走后，它们对邻居NBs的攻击性增加了，这表明它们将NBs与Naor区分开来，并将NBs视为陌生人。有趣的是，这种对被转移的邻居NB1的攻击水平在1分钟内大大降低。这一下降与对陌生陌生人更长、更频繁的攻击性形成了鲜明对比。这些结果表明，焦点鱼将邻居NBa识别为熟悉的陌生人，但可能会惩罚那些离开其领土的NBs，也就是背叛了亲密的敌人关系。我们使用单向镜防止了暴露于此的个体的行为反应的影响。因此，我们得出结论，该种鱼表现出TIR，并讨论了TIR在天敌效应普遍存在的地域性动物中的流行。
True individual recognition (TIR), the ability to distinguish multiple familiar members individually, is more elaborate than class-level recognition, and evidence for the ability to perform TIR is reported from primates, some other social mammals, birds and lizard in vertebrates. These animals exhibit a highly social structure, wherein TIR is essential for their social interactions. Such high sociality has been documented in fish, but clear evidence of TIR has been limited. The cichlid,Neolamprologus pulcher, a cooperative breeder that guards a territory, exhibits the dear enemy relationship. Here, we show that this fish distinguishes two familiar neighbours individually, i.e., TIR ability, using one-way mirrors in experimental tanks. Focal fish established the dear enemy relationship with two neighbours, NAand NB, and displayed limited aggression towards these familiar neighbours. However, their aggressiveness towards neighbour NBincreased when they were shifted from the original side of the tank after NAwas removed, suggesting that they distinguished NBfrom NAor regarded NBas a stranger. Interestingly, this aggression level against the shifted neighbour NBlargely decreased within 1 min. This decrease contrasted with the longer and more frequent aggressiveness towards unfamiliar strangers. These results suggest that focal fish recognised neighbour NBas a familiar stranger but probably punished NBthat moved beyond its territory, that is, betrayed the dear enemy relationship. We prevented the effects of the behavioural reactions of exposed individuals using a one-way mirror. Thus, we conclude that this fish species displays TIR and discuss that TIR is prevalent in territorial animals in which the dear enemy effect is common.