Estimating Cardinality for Arbitrarily Large Data Stream With Improved Memory Efficiency

Estimating Cardinality for Arbitrarily Large Data Stream With Improved Memory Efficiency
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提高内存效率的任意大数据流的基数估计

DOI:
10.1109/tnet.2020.2970860
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发表时间:
2020-03
期刊:
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Luo Junzhou
Luo Junzhou
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Xiao Qingjun;Chen Shigang;Zhou You;Luo Junzhou

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基数估计是在输入数据流只能被一次扫描的严格约束下,确定数据流中不同元素的数量(或基数)的任务。这是许多实际应用中的基本问题,例如高速网络的流量监控和Internet规模数据库的查询优化。为了解决这个问题,我们提出了一个算法名为HLL-TailCut,它实现了估计的标准误差$1.0 / \sqrt {m}$使用的内存单元的4位或3位,其成本是远远小于5位的内存单元使用HyperLogLog,以前已知的最好的基数估计。这使得HyperLogLog的内存成本降低了20%~ 45%。例如,当目标估计误差为1.1%时,最先进的HyperLogLog需要5.6 MB内存。相比之下,我们的新算法只需要3兆字节的内存消耗达到相同的精度。此外,我们的算法能够支持非常大的流基数的估计,即使在Tera和Peta规模。
Cardinality estimation is the task of determining the number of distinct elements (or the cardinality) in a data stream, under a stringent constraint that the input data stream can be scanned by just one single pass. This is a fundamental problem with many practical applications, such as traffic monitoring of high-speed networks and query optimization of Internet-scale database. To solve the problem, we propose an algorithm named HLL-TailCut, which implements the estimation standard error $1.0 / \sqrt {m}$ using the memory units of four or three bits each, whose cost is much smaller than the five-bit memory units used by HyperLogLog, the best previously known cardinality estimator. This makes it possible to reduce the memory cost of HyperLogLog by 20%~45%. For example, when the target estimation error is 1.1%, state-of-the-art HyperLogLog needs 5.6 kilobytes memory. By contrast, our new algorithm only needs 3 kilobytes memory consumption for attaining the same accuracy. Additionally, our algorithm is able to support the estimation of very large stream cardinalities, even on the Tera and Peta scale.
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