Generalists are the most urban-tolerant of birds: a phylogenetically controlled analysis of ecological and life history traits using a novel continuous measure of bird responses to urbanization
Generalists are the most urban-tolerant of birds: a phylogenetically controlled analysis of ecological and life history traits using a novel continuous measure of bird responses to urbanization
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DOI：
10.1111/oik.06158
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发表时间：
2019-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Cornwell, William K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Callaghan, Corey T.;Major, Richard E.;Cornwell, William K.
确定哪些生态和生活史特征影响物种对城市化的耐受性，对于理解日益城市化的世界中生物多样性的轨迹至关重要。有证据表明，单一性状与城市化的关联存在着各种截然不同的模式。在一个大陆尺度的分析中，结合477个物种和> 500万的鸟类观察，我们开发了一种新的和可扩展的方法，评估生态和生活史特征，最影响物种的适应性，坚持在城市环境中。具体来说，我们根据对城市化的连续反应措施分配了物种特异性分数，使用VIIRS夜间光值（即辐射）作为城市化的代理。我们确定了广义的，遗传学控制的模式：鸟类是多面手（即大生态位宽度），具有大的窝卵数，和大的残留大脑的大小是最城市容忍的鸟类。相反，专门的喂养策略（即食虫动物和granivores）与城市化呈负相关。城市环境中鸟类生物多样性的增强和持久性可能依赖于保护，维持和恢复多样性栖息地服务于一系列的生活史策略。
Identifying which ecological and life history traits influence a species' tolerance to urbanization is critical to understanding the trajectory of biodiversity in an increasingly urbanizing world. There is evidence for a wide array of contrasting patterns for single trait associations with urbanization. In a continental-scale analysis, incorporating 477 species and >5 000 000 bird observations, we developed a novel and scalable methodology that evaluated the ecological and life history traits which most influence a species' adaptability to persist in urban environments. Specifically, we assigned species-specific scores based on continuous measures of response to urbanization, using VIIRS night-time light values (i.e. radiance) as a proxy for urbanization. We identified generalized, phylogenetically controlled patterns: bird species which are generalists (i.e. large niche breadth), with large clutch size, and large residual brain size are among the most urban-tolerant bird species. Conversely, specialized feeding strategies (i.e. insectivores and granivores) were negatively associated with urbanization. Enhancement and persistence of avian biodiversity in urban environments probably relies on protecting, maintaining and restoring diverse habitats serving a range of life history strategies.