Drug problem in Southeast and Southwest Asia
Drug problem in Southeast and Southwest Asia
复制标题
DOI：
10.1196/annals.1316.055
复制
发表时间：
2004-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kulsudjarit, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kulsudjarit, K
2002年，东南亚和西南亚的毒品问题严重，特别是世界上三个最大的非法鸦片生产国阿富汗、缅甸和老挝的鸦片和海洛因生产。在东南亚，主要是在中国和缅甸，安非他明类兴奋剂，特别是甲基安非他明的非法制造日益增加，也是一个令人关注的重大问题。一些报告指出，用于在东南亚非法生产甲基苯丙胺的麻黄素被转移并走私出中国和印度，而用于生产甲基苯丙胺片剂的掺杂剂咖啡因则主要通过缅甸与泰国的边境走私进入缅甸。缉获数据显示，通过东南亚贩运摇头丸的情况急剧增加。2002年，大麻仍然是东南亚和西南亚所有国家的主要滥用药物。阿片类药物，主要是鸦片和海洛因，也是首选药物，但泰国除外，泰国的阿片类药物滥用有所下降，但安非他明类兴奋剂因其价格低廉和容易获得而成为主要的滥用药物。据报告，在柬埔寨、中国、印度尼西亚、老挝、缅甸、菲律宾和泰国，吸食、嗅闻和吸入安非他明类兴奋剂、安非他明、甲基安非他明和亚甲二氧基甲基安非他明的青少年中，安非他明类兴奋剂、安非他明、甲基安非他明和亚甲二氧基甲基安非他明的滥用显著增加。鸦片剂滥用者中的注射吸毒已被确定为艾滋病毒/艾滋病在东南亚和西南亚迅速蔓延的主要原因。
In 2002, the drug problem in Southeast and Southwest Asia was serious, particularly in the production of opium and heroin in Afghanistan, Myanmar, and Laos, the three largest producers of illicit opium in the world. The increasing illicit manufacture of ATS, particularly methamphetamine, in Southeast Asia, mainly in China and Myanmar, was also a major concern. Some reports indicated that ephedrine, used for illicitly producing methamphetamine in Southeast Asia, is diverted and smuggled out of China and India, whereas caffeine, the adulterant used for producing methamphetamine tablets, is mainly smuggled into Myanmar through its border with Thailand. Seizure data showed a dramatic increase in trafficking in MDMA through Southeast Asia. In terms of the drug epidemic, in 2002, cannabis remained overall the main drug of abuse in all of the countries of Southeast and Southwest Asia. Opiates, mainly opium and heroin, were also the drugs of choice except in Thailand, where opiate abuse declined, but ATS was the main drug of abuse due to its low cost and availability. A significant increase in ATS abuse, amphetamine, methamphetamine, and MDMA among the youth who smoked, sniffed, and inhaled them was reported in Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, the Philippines, and Thailand. Injecting drug use among opiate abusers has been identified as the prime cause of the rapid spread of HIV/AIDS in Southeast and Southwest Asia.