Mammalian gut immunity.
Mammalian gut immunity.
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DOI：
10.4103/2319-4170.130922
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发表时间：
2014-09
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Vijay-Kumar M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chassaing B;Kumar M;Baker MT;Singh V;Vijay-Kumar M
哺乳动物的肠道是体内最大的免疫器官，由非造血细胞(上皮细胞、潘氏细胞、杯状细胞)和造血细胞(巨噬细胞、树突状细胞、T细胞)来源的细胞组成，也是数万亿种微生物的栖息地，统称为微生物区系。这种大型微生物生物量的动态平衡是维持宿主健康的先决条件，它可以最大限度地扩大有益的共生关系，并将生活在如此接近的环境中的风险降至最低。微生物区系和宿主免疫系统相互沟通，相互维持动态平衡，这可以被称为“爱恨关系”。此外，宿主免疫系统的先天免疫臂和获得性免疫臂相互协作和补偿，以稳定和严格的方式维持高度复杂的肠道生态系统的平衡。由于先天或获得性免疫缺陷或异常免疫反应造成的任何失衡都可能导致生物失调和低度至重度的肠道炎症，最终导致代谢性疾病。
The mammalian intestinal tract is the largest immune organ in the body and comprises cells from non-hemopoietic (epithelia, Paneth cells, goblet cells) and hemopoietic (macrophages, dendritic cells, T-cells) origin, and is also a dwelling for trillions of microbes collectively known as the microbiota. The homeostasis of this large microbial biomass is prerequisite to maintain host health by maximizing beneficial symbiotic relationships and minimizing the risks of living in such close proximity. Both microbiota and host immune system communicate with each other to mutually maintain homeostasis in what could be called a “love–hate relationship.” Further, the host innate and adaptive immune arms of the immune system cooperate and compensate each other to maintain the equilibrium of a highly complex gut ecosystem in a stable and stringent fashion. Any imbalance due to innate or adaptive immune deficiency or aberrant immune response may lead to dysbiosis and low-grade to robust gut inflammation, finally resulting in metabolic diseases.