Sting jets in extratropical cyclones: a review

Sting jets in extratropical cyclones: a review
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温带气旋中的刺喷流:回顾

DOI:
10.1002/qj.3267
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
8.9
通讯作者:
Clark P
Clark P
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Clark P

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本文综述了对涡外旋风分离器尾喷流的认识现状。2004年,基思布朗宁的开创性工作正式确定了SJS。回顾这项研究和随后的研究,我们将SJ定义为一种连贯的气流,它从云头内的中层下降到Shapiro-Keyser气旋的锋面断裂区域,持续几个小时,导致近地面强风的明显区域。因此,在冷传送带的寿命的某个阶段期间,其位于冷传送带上方,但是至少在某些情况下,其下降以到达冷传送带前方的边界层的顶部。在该定义中,它不属于特定的机制。我们的结论是,这是可能的SJ下降和加速机制的连续存在。在一个极端,平衡下降部分与额裂区的额裂有关。更多的水平小尺度和更强的锋解下降可能与倾斜对流下降气流的弱稳定性有关。倾斜对流下降气流的不稳定可能发生在某些系统中,导致与条件对称不稳定甚至可能对称不稳定的释放相关的多个倾斜对流下降气流。SJS的全球气候学和大气边界层和SJS之间的相互作用被揭示为需要更多研究的具体领域。最后,我们描述了目前文献中存在的八个神话和误解,旨在指导未来对SJ现象的研究。
This article reviews the current state of knowledge of sting jets (SJs) in extratropical cyclones. SJs were formally identified in 2004 by the pioneering work of Keith Browning. Reviewing this and subsequent studies, we define the SJ as a coherent air flow that descends from mid‐levels inside the cloud head into the frontal‐fracture region of a Shapiro–Keyser cyclone over a period of a few hours leading to a distinct region of near‐surface stronger winds. It therefore lies above the cold conveyor belt during some stage of its life, but, at least in some cases, descends to reach the top of boundary layer ahead of the cold conveyor belt. It is not attributed to a specific mechanism in this definition. We conclude that it is likely that a continuum of SJ descent and speed‐up mechanisms exists. At one extreme is balanced descent partly associated with frontolysis in the frontal‐fracture region. More horizontally small‐scale and stronger frontolytic descent may occur associated with weak stability to slantwise convective downdraughts. Instability to slantwise convective downdraughts may occur in some systems, leading to multiple slantwise convective downdraughts associated with the release of conditional symmetric instability and even, possibly, symmetric instability. The global climatology of SJs and the interaction between the atmospheric boundary layer and SJs are revealed as specific areas where more research is needed. Finally, we describe eight myths and misunderstandings that exist in the current literature with the aim of guiding future research into the SJ phenomenon.
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DOI: --
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