Deficient limb support is a major contributor to age differences in falling
Deficient limb support is a major contributor to age differences in falling
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jbiomech.2006.05.016
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发表时间：
2007-01-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Pai, Yi-Chung
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pavol, Michael J.;Pai, Yi-Chung
老年人比年轻人更容易失去平衡，但造成这种差异的因素还不清楚。这项研究调查了运动稳定性、肢体支撑和保护性踏步方面与年龄相关的差异是否会导致老年人跌倒的可能性更大。60名年轻人和41名老年人，安全带，健康的成年人在一项从坐到站的任务中暴露于一种新颖的和意想不到的向前滑动。老年人比年轻人下降更多（76%对30%）。两个年龄组的福尔斯与第一步触地时稳定性较差和髋关节高度较低有关，根据这些变量，97.1%的滑倒结果被正确分类。着陆时臀部高度的降低对跌倒几率的影响比稳定性的同等降低大20倍以上。三个年龄差异使老年人跌倒的风险更大：老年人在滑倒时臀部较低，上升更慢，他们不太可能对有足够肢体支撑的滑倒做出反应，他们的踏步脚不太靠近质心。前两个差异，每一个都与肢体支撑不足有关，减少髋关节上升和增加髋关节下降。第三个差异导致在步进触地时稳定性较差。这些结果表明，在正常的运动模式和反应的扰动肢体支持不足是一个主要的贡献者的高发病率福尔斯在老年人。改善主动和被动的肢体支撑应该是预防跌倒工作的重点。(c)2006爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
Older adults are more likely than young to fall upon a loss of balance, yet the factors responsible for this difference are not well understood. This study investigated whether age-related differences in movement stability, limb support, and protective stepping contribute to the greater likelihood of falling among older adults. Sixty young and 41 older, safety-harnessed, healthy adults were exposed to a novel and unexpected forward slip during a sit-to-stand task. More older than young adults fell (76% vs. 30%). Falls in both age groups were related to lesser stability and lower hip height at first step touchdown, with 97.1% of slip outcomes correctly classified based on these variables. Decreases in hip height at touchdown had over 20 times greater effect on the odds of falling than equivalent decreases in stability. Three age differences placed older adults at greater risk of falling: older adults had lower and more slowly rising hips at slip onset, they were less likely to respond to slipping with ample limb support, and they placed their stepping foot less posterior to their center of mass. The first two differences, each associated with deficient limb support, reduced hip ascent and increased hip descent. The third difference resulted in lesser stability at step touchdown. These results suggest that deficient limb support in normal movement patterns and in the reactive response to a perturbation is a major contributor to the high incidence of falls in older adults. Improving proactive and reactive limb support should be a focus of fall prevention efforts. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.