Bioavailability in soil or sediment: exposure of different organisms and approaches to study it.
Bioavailability in soil or sediment: exposure of different organisms and approaches to study it.
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DOI：
10.1016/s0269-7491(99)00207-9
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发表时间：
2000-04
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
D. Sijm;R. Kraaij;A. Belfroid
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Sijm;R. Kraaij;A. Belfroid
土壤和底栖生物可能通过不同途径接触污染物：（孔隙）水、土壤或沉积物以及食物。净化的污染物从生物体可能会发生通过相同的路线，此外，通过生物转化，繁殖等，而吸收和净化到水可以很好地预测，土壤或沉积物的预测是不太准确的。原因之一可能是土壤或沉积物中污染物的生物利用度降低。在仿生方法中，例如固相微萃取（SPME）或使用C18盘的测量，测定（孔隙）水中的自由溶解浓度。SPME纤维或C18盘可作为替代生物体，但有时低估，有时高估生物利用度。土壤（或沉积物）的可用性比（SARA）的方法，使用生物体来研究新加入的和“老”的化学品的吸收，建议研究生物利用度的降低幅度。SARA还包括生物体特定的接触和净化途径。
Soil and benthic organisms may be exposed to contaminants via different routes: (pore) water, soil or sediment, and food. Depuration of the contaminant from the organisms may take place via the same routes and, additionally, via biotransformation, reproduction, etc. Whereas uptake from and depuration to water can be predicted well, predictions for soil or sediment are less accurate. One of the reasons may be the reduced bioavailability of the contaminant in the soil or sediment. In biomimetic approaches, such as solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) or measurements with C18-discs, the freely dissolved concentration in the (pore) water is determined. The SPME-fiber or C18-disc may serve as a surrogate organism, but sometimes underestimates, and sometimes overestimates bioavailability. The soil (or sediment) availability ratio (SARA) method, that uses organisms to study the uptake of freshly added and ‘aged’ chemicals, is proposed to study the magnitude of the reduction in bioavailability. SARA also includes the organism-specific exposure and depuration routes.