Effects of fenlong cultivation on root cell structure and enzyme of respiratory metabolic of sugarcane.
Effects of fenlong cultivation on root cell structure and enzyme of respiratory metabolic of sugarcane.
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DOI：
10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.03.006
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发表时间：
2021-01-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Li, S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Li, Hao;Wei, Ben-hui;Li, S.
目的：通过探索汾龙新耕作方式下甘蔗产量和含糖量的根系细胞生理机制，为推广汾龙栽培技术提供理论依据。方法：以桂塘42号为试验甘蔗品种，采用常规轮作（CK，深耕25 cm）和粉龙栽培（深耕40 cm），对甘蔗根系速效养分、农艺性状、产量和含糖量、根系活力、细胞超微结构和呼吸代谢酶进行研究。结果：(1)凤龙栽培新株碱氮和速效磷分别较对照显著提高8.7%和17.9%，竹藤碱氮和速效磷分别较对照显著提高10.4%和25.6%。(2)分蘖率和出苗率分别提高了25.0%和17.4%，再生蔗分别提高了30.6%和11.7%。与常规栽培相比，新植蔗株高、茎粗、单根重、有效茎和产量分别提高了13.2%、17.6%、29.0%、5.3%和12.9%，再生蔗分别提高了7.6%、22.2%、70.3%、18.7%和12.9%。(3)凤龙栽培的根系长度、直径、体积、根尖数、表面积、鲜重和干重分别比对照显著增加20.9% ~ 42.3%、12.3% ~ 71.0%、33.3% ~ 71.0%、6.4% ~ 61.6%、21.8% ~ 64.1%、26.8% ~ 64.4%和32.6% ~ 95.3%。(4)在芬龙培养条件下，与对照相比，根毛面积和细胞更长，根毛排列更疏松有序，根尖细胞壁增厚，细胞质、粗内质网和高尔基体更丰富，线粒体数量更多，嵴清晰，细胞核结构更紧凑。根毛长、根毛密度、单位面积总根毛长和细胞内线粒体数量分别比对照增加53.3%、73.0%、111.1%和37.5%。汾龙耕作再生甘蔗上述指标也分别提高了38.9%、95.9%、82.6%和53.8%，同一指标在不同耕作方式间差异显著。(5)凤龙栽培甘蔗苗期、拔节期和成熟期根系活力分别显著高于对照1.29倍、1.39倍和1.25倍。(6)凤龙栽培甘蔗苹果酸脱氢酶、细胞色素氧化酶和多酚氧化酶活性在苗期和伸长期显著升高。在苗期，MDH？新栽甘蔗PPO和CytcA510分别比对照显著提高22.9%、28.1%和38.9%，再生蔗各项指标分别比对照显著提高23.0%、20.3%和27.7%。伸长期，凤龙栽培甘蔗苹果酸脱氢酶、细胞色素氧化酶和多酚氧化酶活性分别较对照显著提高21.2%、41.8%和33.7%；再生甘蔗各项指标比对照分别提高27.4%、26.8%和53.3%；MDH和PPO活性显著高于对照处理。结论：甘蔗粉龙栽培可以改善土壤速效养分，改善甘蔗根系形态和组织细胞结构，提高呼吸代谢相关酶的活性，从而促进根系对水分和肥料的吸收，促进地面生长发育，提高甘蔗产量和含糖量。
Objective: By exploring the root cellular physiological mechanism on sugarcane yield and sugar content under the new farming method of Fenlong, this paper provided a theoretical basis for the promotion of Fenlong cultivation technology. Method: Guitang 42 was used as the tested sugarcane variety, the conventional rotary tillage (CK, the depth of ploughing was 25 cm) and Fenlong cultivation (the depth of ploughing was 40 cm) were carried out to investigate the soil available nutrient, agronomic characters, yield and sugar content, root vitality, cellular ultrastructure and the enzyme of respiratory metabolic of sugarcane root. Result: (1) The alkaline N and available P of new plant of Fenlong cultivation were 8.7% and 17.9% significantly higher than those under CK, respectively, and the alkaline N and available P of ratoon cane were 10.4% and 25.6% significantly higher than those under CK, respectively. (2) The emergence rate and tillering rate of Fenlong were increased by 25.0% and 17.4%, respectively, and regenerated sugarcane increased by 30.6% and 11.7%, respectively. Compared with conventional cultivation, the plant height, stem diameter, single stem weight, effective stem and yield of new planting sugarcane under Fenlonng cultivation increased by 13.2%, 17.6%, 29.0%, 5.3% and 12.9%, respectively, and regenerated sugarcane with Fenlonng cultivation increased by 7.6%, 22.2%, 70.3%, 18.7% and 12.9%, respectively. (3) The length, diameter, volume, root tip number, surface area, fresh weight and dry weight of root under Fenlong cultivation were 20.9%-42.3%, 12.3%-71.0%, 33.3%-71.0%, 6.4%-61.6%, 21.8%-64.1%, 26.8%-64.4% and 32.6%-95.3% significantly greater under CK, respectively. (4) Under Fenlong cultivation conditions, root hair area and cells were longer, the root hair arrangement was looser and more orderly, the root tip cell wall was thickened, the cytoplasm, rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi body were more abundant, the number of mitochondria was more and the crest was clear, and the nuclear structure was more compact than those under CK. The root hair length, root hair density, total root hair length per unit area and the number of mitochondria in cells were 53.3%, 73.0%, 111.1% and 37.5% higher than those under CK, respectively. The Fenlong tillage ratoon sugarcane above indicators also increased by 38.9%, 95.9%, 82.6% and 53.8%, respectively, and the same index was significantly different among different cultivation methods. (5) The root activity of sugarcane with Fenlong cultivation in seedling stage, elongation stage and maturity stage with Fenlong cultivation were 1.29 times, 1.39 times and 1.25 times significantly higher than CK, respectively. (6) The activity of malate dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase and polyphenol oxidase of sugarcane with Fenlong cultivation increased significantly at seedling stage and elongation stage. In the seedling stage, the activities of MDH? PPO and CytcA510 in newly planted sugarcane were 22.9%, 28.1% and 38.9% significantly higher than those under CK, and the indexes of ratoon cane were 23.0%, 20.3% and 27.7% significantly higher than those under CK, respectively. At the elongation stage, the activities of malate dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase and polyphenol oxidase of sugarcane with Fenlong cultivation were 21.2%, 41.8% and 33.7% significantly higher than those under CK, respectively; THE indexes of regenerated sugarcane were 27.4%, 26.8% and 53.3% higher than those of under CK, respectively; THE activities of MDH and PPO were significantly higher than those under CK. Conclusion: Fenlong cultivation of sugarcane could improve the soil available nutrient, improve the morphology and tissue cell structure of sugarcane roots, improve the activity of enzymes related to respiratory metabolism, thereby promoting the absorption of water and fertilizer by roots, facilitating growth and development on the ground, and increasing sugarcane yield and sugar content.