Colds and influenza-like illnesses in university students: Impact on health, academic and work performance, and health care use
Colds and influenza-like illnesses in university students: Impact on health, academic and work performance, and health care use
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DOI：
10.1086/429237
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发表时间：
2005-05-01
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Ehlinger, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nichol, KL;D'Heilly, S;Ehlinger, E
背景。上呼吸道疾病（URIs）是成年人发病的主要原因，给社会带来了巨大的直接和间接成本，但其对大学生的影响尚未得到很好的描述。我们试图评估uri（感冒和流感样疾病[ILIs]）对大学生的健康、学业和工作表现以及医疗保健使用的影响。这是一项对明尼苏达大学双城校区(Minneapolis-St。Paul)，他们于2002年10月被招募，并从2002年11月到2003年4月进行了随访。所有42,000名注册学生都被通过电子邮件邀请参加。基线资料于2002年10月取得。从2002年11月到2003年4月，每月都有关于感冒或肠内感染的随访信息。数据收集采用基于互联网的问卷调查。在4919名志愿者中，3249名完成了所有随访调查。平均年龄22.7岁；68%的志愿者是女性。91%患有>= 1 URI（83%患有>= 1 cold， 36.7%患有>= 1 ILI）。这些uri导致6023个卧床日、4263个缺课日、3175个缺勤日和45219个生病日。在该队列中，22.2%的人有1次医疗保健访问，15.8%的人使用抗生素治疗URI；27.8%的学生在考试中表现不佳，46.3%的学生在课堂作业中表现不佳。与感冒相比，感冒对所有参数的影响要大得多（例如，感冒患者的总体健康水平比没有感冒患者低55%-60%，感冒患者比没有感冒患者低33%-39%，P均< 0.001）。感冒和肠梗阻在大学生中很常见，发病率很高。加强预防和控制uri的努力，特别是流感疫苗接种，可以改善该国1700万大学生的健康和福祉。
Background. Upper respiratory tract illnesses (URIs) are a major cause of morbidity among adults, with substantial direct and indirect costs to society, but their impact among university students has not been well described. We sought to assess the impact of URIs ( colds and influenza-like illnesses [ILIs]) on the health, academic and work performance, and health care use of university students.Methods. This was a cohort study of college students at the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities campus (Minneapolis-St. Paul), who were recruited during October 2002 and followed up from November 2002 through April 2003. All 42,000 registered students were invited via e-mail to participate. Baseline information was obtained in October 2002. Monthly follow-up information about colds or ILIs was obtained for the period of November 2002 through April 2003. Data were collected by use of Internet-based questionnaires.Results. Of 4919 volunteers, 3249 completed all follow-up surveys. The mean age was 22.7 years; 68% of the volunteers were female. Ninety-one percent had >= 1 URI (83% had >= 1 cold, and 36.7% had >= 1 ILI). These URIs caused 6023 bed-days, 4263 missed school days, 3175 missed work days, and 45,219 days of illness. Of the cohort, 22.2% had >= 1 health care visit, and 15.8% used antibiotics to treat a URI; 27.8% did poorly on a test and 46.3% did poorly on a class assignment. ILIs versus colds had a much greater impact on all parameters ( e. g., general health level was 55%-60% lower with ILI vs. no URI and 33%-39% lower for colds vs. no URI; P < .001 for each).Conclusion. Colds and ILIs were common and associated with substantial morbidity in university students. Enhanced efforts to prevent and control URIs, especially influenza vaccination, could improve the health and wellbeing of the 17 million college and university students in this country.