Intramuscular morphology and tendon geometry of the epaxial swimming muscles of dolphins
Intramuscular morphology and tendon geometry of the epaxial swimming muscles of dolphins
复制标题
海豚外轴游泳肌的肌内形态和肌腱几何形状
DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-7998.1993.tb02679.x
复制
发表时间：
1993
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
D. A. Pabst
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. A. Pabst
海豚向上划水主要由多裂肌和最长肌提供动力，它们沿着脊柱连续插入。肌内和肌腱形态结合运动学数据被用来假设这些肌肉的区域特定功能。两种肌肉在胸腰椎区域产生相等的力（约2kN），但将这些力传递到脊柱的不同区域。多裂肌将其大部分力量局部传递到胸腰椎，这是身体的一个区域，没有可测量的弯曲。多裂肌的作用似乎是使其深肌腱插入变硬，形成最长肌的临时骨骼元件。最长肌通过其插入肌腱和皮下结缔组织鞘之间的一种新的相互作用，将其大部分力传递给尾椎。这种插入模式赋予尾足扭转刚度，并允许最长肌相对于典型哺乳动物插入模式做更多的工作（118 J）。多裂肌的尾端伸展在上划时对尾端脊柱做12j的功。最长肌的尾端延伸将其力传递到尾端吸虫的椎骨，是唯一控制吸虫叶片攻角的外轴肌。
The dolphin upstroke is powered primarily by the m. multifidus and m. longissimus—robust muscles that insert serially along the vertebral column. Intramuscular and tendon morphology coupled with kinematic data are used to hypothesize regionally specific functions of these muscles. Both muscles develop equivalent forces (approximately 2kN) in the region of the thoraco-lumbar spine, but transmit those forces to different regions of the vertebral column. The m. multifidus transmits the majority of its force locally to the thoraco-lumar spine, a region of the body that undergoes no measurable bending. The action of the m. multifidus appears to be to stiffen its deep tendon of insertion, forming a temporary skeletal element for the m. longissimus. The m. longissimus transmits the majority of its force to the caudal spine, by way of a novel interaction between its insertional tendons and the subdermal connective tissue sheath. This insertional pattern confers torsional stiffness on the caudal peduncle, and allows the m. longissimus to do relatively more work (118 J) than if it had a typical mammalian insertional pattern. The caudal extension of the m. multifidus does 12 J of work on the caudal spine during an upstroke. The caudal extension of the m. longissimus transmits its force to the vertebrae in the caudal flukes and is the only epaxial muscle that acts to control the angle of attack of the fluke blade.