A review on solid biofuel usage in Lithuania after the decommission of Ignalina NPP and compliance with the EU policy
A review on solid biofuel usage in Lithuania after the decommission of Ignalina NPP and compliance with the EU policy
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DOI：
10.1016/j.rser.2015.10.089
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发表时间：
2016-02
影响因子：
15.9
通讯作者：
V. Gaigalis;R. Skema
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
V. Gaigalis;R. Skema
该文件提供了一个在立陶宛的固体生物燃料的使用后，退役的Alzalina核电厂，涵盖2007年至2012年期间的审查。立陶宛本土能源资源有限，依赖天然气、石油和硬煤等能源进口。截至2009年，约70-80%的电力来自NPP。2009年，立陶宛对能源的依赖度约为50.3%。2009年底，核电厂退役，内陆燃料和能源消费总量的结构发生了根本变化。立陶宛对进口燃料的能源依赖增加到约82%，大大超过了欧盟54%的平均水平。本地和可再生能源（RES）在内陆燃料和能源消费总量中的份额从2009年的14.7%增加到2013年的21.4%，其中约86%的RES属于固体生物燃料。可再生能源成为立陶宛经济的主要驱动力之一。本文介绍了立陶宛固体生物燃料资源和能源生产到2013年。定义了立陶宛及其各县的森林蓄积量、森林覆盖率、林分生产率和能源生产消耗。图中显示了燃料和能源流动图以及按经济部门和消费群体分列的固体生物燃料分布情况。研究了固体生物燃料的使用对内陆和最终能源消费的影响。研究了在立陶宛实施固体生物燃料用于供热和发电的情况。研究了固体生物燃料的价格，并与天然气和燃料油的价格进行了比较。揭示了可持续固体生物燃料生产和使用的原则和标准。立陶宛和其他欧盟国家温室气体排放总量的减少情况也得到了展示。强调了到2020年增加可再生能源在电力和供暖部门的份额的战略举措。
The paper provides a review on solid biofuel usage in Lithuania after decommission of Ignalina NPP and cover the period 2007–2012. Lithuania has limited quantity of indigenous energy resources and is depended upon the import of energy resources, such as natural gas, petroleum and hard coal. Up to the year 2009 about 70–80% of electricity was produced from NPP. Lithuanian energy dependence from energy resources in 2009 was about 50.3%. At the end of 2009, NPP was decommissioned and the structure of gross inland fuel and energy consumption changed radically. Lithuania׳s energy dependence on the imports of fuel increased to about 82% and considerably exceeded the EU average 54%. The share of indigenous and renewable energy sources (RES) in gross inland fuel and energy consumption increased from 14.7% in 2009 to 21.4% in 2013 from which about 86% of RES belonged to solid biofuels. The RES became one of the main driving forces of the country׳s economy.In this paper, the Lithuanian solid biofuel resources and energy production up to the 2013 are presented. Growing stock volume, forest coverage, productivity of stands and consumption for energy production in Lithuania and its counties are defined. Fuels and energy flows diagram and distribution of solid biofuels by economy sectors and consumer groups are shown. Solid biofuels usage impact to gross inland and final energy consumption was studied. Implementation of solid biofuels for heat and electricity generation in Lithuania was researched. Solid biofuel prices were examined and comparison with prices of natural gas and fuel oil was done. Principles and criteria for sustainable solid biofuels production and usage were disclosed. The reduction of total greenhouse gases emissions in Lithuania and other EU countries were shown. Strategic initiatives to increase the RES share in electricity and heating sectors till 2020 were highlighted.