Potential Role of Birds in Japanese Encephalitis Virus Zoonotic Transmission and Genotype Shift.
Potential Role of Birds in Japanese Encephalitis Virus Zoonotic Transmission and Genotype Shift.
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DOI：
10.3390/v13030357
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发表时间：
2021-02-24
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ma Z
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hameed M;Wahaab A;Nawaz M;Khan S;Nazir J;Liu K;Wei J;Ma Z
日本脑炎（JE）是由日本脑炎病毒（JEV）引起的一种疫苗可预防的疾病，主要在亚洲流行。JEV是一种黄病毒，分为单一血清型，具有五种遗传上不同的基因型（I，II，III，IV和V）。直到1990年，JEV基因型III（GIII）一直是最主要的毒株，并在JEV流行国家引起多次暴发。然而，最近的数据显示JEV基因型I（GI）作为优势基因型出现，并且它正在逐渐取代GIII。这种基因型置换的确切机制尚不清楚。该病毒可在蚊媒和脊椎动物宿主中复制，以维持其人畜共患病的生命周期;猪和水生涉禽作为扩增/储存宿主，人类和马是死端宿主。猪作为JEV扩增宿主的重要作用是众所周知的。然而，其他数量丰富且与人类关系密切的家畜（尤其是鸟类）的影响尚未得到很好的研究。在这里，我们努力简要强调鸟类在JEV人畜共患传播中的作用，发现鸟类作为JEV的天然宿主和扩增宿主，对JEV感染易感的鸟类种类，以及JEV对家禽业未来的影响，这是一个长期被忽视的观点。我们还讨论了最近在体外和体内的研究表明，新出现的GI病毒复制更有效地在鸟源性细胞和雏鸭/鸡比GIII，和一个重要的作用，鸟类的JEV基因型从GIII到GI的转变。
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a vaccine-preventable disease caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), which is primarily prevalent in Asia. JEV is a Flavivirus, classified into a single serotype with five genetically distinct genotypes (I, II, III, IV, and V). JEV genotype III (GIII) had been the most dominant strain and caused numerous outbreaks in the JEV endemic countries until 1990. However, recent data shows the emergence of JEV genotype I (GI) as a dominant genotype and it is gradually displacing GIII. The exact mechanism of this genotype displacement is still unclear. The virus can replicate in mosquito vectors and vertebrate hosts to maintain its zoonotic life cycle; pigs and aquatic wading birds act as an amplifying/reservoir hosts, and the humans and equines are dead-end hosts. The important role of pigs as an amplifying host for the JEV is well known. However, the influence of other domestic animals, especially birds, that live in high abundance and close proximity to the human is not well studied. Here, we strive to briefly highlight the role of birds in the JEV zoonotic transmission, discovery of birds as a natural reservoirs and amplifying host for JEV, species of birds susceptible to the JEV infection, and the proposed effect of JEV on the poultry industry in the future, a perspective that has been neglected for a long time. We also discuss the recent in vitro and in vivo studies that show that the newly emerged GI viruses replicated more efficiently in bird-derived cells and ducklings/chicks than GIII, and an important role of birds in the JEV genotype shift from GIII to GI.