VULNERABILITY OF COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS TO OIL SPILL IMPACTS
VULNERABILITY OF COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS TO OIL SPILL IMPACTS
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发表时间：
1978-08
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
E. Gundlach;M. Hayes
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Gundlach;M. Hayes
根据对五次重大石油溢漏的实地研究和对文献的审查，主要沿海环境按可能易受石油溢漏损害的程度分为1至10级。该比例表强调油的停留时间，并考虑到最初的生物影响。裸露的岩石岬和浪蚀平台（脆弱性指数为1和2）通常受石油泄漏的影响最小。粗粒桑迪海滩和砾石海滩易受石油渗透和掩埋，其指数值为4至7。受庇护的环境，如受庇护的岩石海岸、盐沼和红树林（指数值为8至10）是最有可能受到石油泄漏不利影响的环境。例如，在一些盐沼地区，预计停留时间超过10年。
On the basis of field studies of five major oil spills and a review of the literature, major coastal environments have been classified on a scale of 1 to 10 in terms of potential vulnerability to oil spill damage. The scale emphasizes oil residence time, with consideration of initial biological impacts. Exposed rocky headlands and wave-cut platforms (1 and 2 on the Vulnerability Index) are generally least affected by an oil spill. Coarse-grained sandy and gravel beaches, which are subject to oil penetration and burial, are assigned intermediate index values of 4 to 7. Sheltered environments such as sheltered rocky coasts, salt marshes, and mangroves (index values of 8 to 10) are the environments most likely to be adversely affected by oil spills. For example, residence times of over 10 years are predicted for some salt marsh areas.