Toxicity of a polymer-graphene oxide composite against bacterial planktonic cells, biofilms, and mammalian cells
Toxicity of a polymer-graphene oxide composite against bacterial planktonic cells, biofilms, and mammalian cells
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DOI：
10.1039/c2nr30774j
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Rodrigues, Debora F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carpio, Isis E. Mejias;Santos, Catherine M.;Rodrigues, Debora F.
开发对人类无害且对环境无不良影响的高效抗菌剂至关重要。尽管基于石墨烯的纳米材料的抗菌研究仍然相当有限，但一些研究人员已经特别关注此类纳米复合材料，将其视为下一代抗菌剂的有希望的候选材料。聚乙烯基 - N - 咔唑（PVK） - 氧化石墨烯（GO）纳米复合材料（PVK - GO），其中仅含3 wt%的氧化石墨烯均匀分散在97 wt%的PVK基体中，呈现出优异的抗菌性能，且对哺乳动物细胞无明显细胞毒性。这种纳米复合材料中高含量的聚合物使得未来在绝热本体聚合的高产工艺中进行大规模材料制造成为可能。在这项研究中，用浮游微生物细胞、生物膜以及NIH 3T3成纤维细胞评估了PVK - GO的毒性。针对两种革兰氏阴性菌：大肠杆菌和耐金属贪铜菌；以及两种革兰氏阳性菌：枯草芽孢杆菌和不透明红球菌评估了抗菌效果。结果表明，PVK - GO纳米复合材料比原始的氧化石墨烯呈现出更高的抗菌效果。PVK - GO在溶液中的有效性表现为该纳米复合材料“包裹”细菌细胞，从而导致微生物代谢活性降低和细胞死亡。PVK - GO对成纤维细胞无明显细胞毒性这一事实为其在重要的生物医学和工业领域的潜在应用提供了很好的机会。
It is critical to develop highly effective antimicrobial agents that are not harmful to humans and do not present adverse effects on the environment. Although antimicrobial studies of graphene-based nanomaterials are still quite limited, some researchers have paid particular attention to such nanocomposites as promising candidates for the next generation of antimicrobial agents. The polyvinyl-N-carbazole (PVK)-graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite (PVK-GO), which contains only 3 wt% of GO well-dispersed in a 97 wt% PVK matrix, presents excellent antibacterial properties without significant cytotoxicity to mammalian cells. The high polymer content in this nanocomposite makes future large-scale material manufacturing possible in a high-yield process of adiabatic bulk polymerization. In this study, the toxicity of PVK-GO was assessed with planktonic microbial cells, biofilms, and NIH 3T3 fibroblast cells. The antibacterial effects were evaluated against two Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli and Cupriavidus metallidurans; and two Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus subtilis and Rhodococcus opacus. The results show that the PVK-GO nanocomposite presents higher antimicrobial effects than the pristine GO. The effectiveness of the PVK-GO in solution was demonstrated as the nanocomposite "encapsulated" the bacterial cells, which led to reduced microbial metabolic activity and cell death. The fact that the PVK-GO did not present significant cytotoxicity to fibroblast cells offers a great opportunity for potential applications in important biomedical and industrial fields.