Toll-like receptors and innate immunity in gut homeostasis and pathology
Toll-like receptors and innate immunity in gut homeostasis and pathology
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DOI：
10.1097/00062752-200701000-00010
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发表时间：
2007-01-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Arditi, Moshe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Michelsen, Kathrin S.;Arditi, Moshe
对肠道细菌的免疫反应和由此产生的慢性炎症是炎症性肠病的标志。大量的证据表明先天免疫防御机制与促炎通路相互作用，加剧甚至可能引发炎症性肠病的发展。最近的发现最近的细胞和小鼠研究表明，肠上皮细胞中的Toll样受体反应是极化的，肠道细菌激活它们在维持结肠稳态和控制肠道耐受性方面起着重要作用。最近的数据还涉及Toll样受体和肠上皮稳态中的共同衔接分子MyD 88的信号传导以及炎症性肠病的发病机制，本文综述了近年来Toll-1在机体免疫应答中的作用，并对Toll-1在机体免疫应答中的作用进行了初步探讨。如受体和其它模式识别受体在宿主防御胃肠道病原体和维持对肠道细菌的免疫耐受中的作用，突出的领域，应提供肥沃的土壤，为未来的研究，旨在更全面地了解先天性和适应性免疫防御机制和炎症性肠病之间的相互作用。
Purpose of reviewImmune responses to commensal bacteria and resulting chronic inflammation are hallmarks of inflammatory bowel disease. Considerable evidence has accumulated to suggest that innate immune defense mechanisms interact with pro-inflammatory pathways and exacerbate or perhaps even initiate development of inflammatory bowel disease.Recent findingsRecent cellular and mouse studies now show Toll-like receptor responses in intestinal epithelial cells are polarized and their activation by commensal bacteria plays an essential role in maintaining colonic homeostasis and controlling tolerance in the gut. Recent data also implicate signaling by Toll-like receptors and the common adaptor molecule MyD88 in intestinal epithelial homeostasis as well as the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease, establishing a key link between the innate and adaptive immune defenses.SummaryWe review recent progresses in the understanding of the role of Toll-like receptors and other pattern recognition receptors in the host defense against gastrointestinal pathogens and maintenance of immune tolerance to commensal bacteria, highlighting areas that should provide fertile ground for future studies aimed at a more comprehensive understanding of the interplay between innate and adaptive immune defense mechanisms and inflammatory bowel disease.