Could the Induction of Trained Immunity by β-Glucan Serve as a Defense Against COVID-19?
Could the Induction of Trained Immunity by β-Glucan Serve as a Defense Against COVID-19?
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DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2020.01782
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发表时间：
2020-07-14
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Yan, Jun
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Geller, Anne;Yan, Jun
随着SARS-CoV-2病毒对世界各国的人口、卫生保健基础设施和经济造成严重破坏，在我们等待有效疫苗的同时，找到保护卫生保健工作者和加强普通人群免疫反应的方法将是许多人的生死之别。最近的研究表明，先天免疫群体可能具有一种形式的记忆，称为训练免疫（TRIM），其中先天免疫细胞在暴露于初始刺激后经历代谢、线粒体和表观遗传重编程，从而在暴露于二次异源刺激时产生增强的免疫应答的记忆表型。在整个文献中，已经表明使用诸如BCG疫苗和β-葡聚糖的诱导剂诱导TRIM可以通过改变针对一系列病毒感染的免疫应答来提供保护。在此，我们假设β-葡聚糖在降低全球COVID-19的发病率和死亡率方面具有潜在作用，并提出了TRIM如何实际塑造所观察到的与COVID-19相关的流行病学现象的几个想法。我们还评估了β-葡聚糖对COVID-19中观察到的免疫失调和细胞因子风暴的潜在影响。最后，我们假设在预防性环境中使用口服β-葡聚糖可能是一种有效的方法，可以增强免疫反应并消除COVID-19的症状，尽管临床试验是必要的，以确认这种治疗的有效性，并进一步检查各种来源的β-葡聚糖的差异效应。
As the SARS-CoV-2 virus wreaks havoc on the populations, health care infrastructures and economies of nations around the world, finding ways to protect health care workers and bolster immune responses in the general population while we await an effective vaccine will be the difference between life and death for many people. Recent studies show that innate immune populations may possess a form of memory, termed Trained Immunity (TRIM), where innate immune cells undergo metabolic, mitochondrial, and epigenetic reprogramming following exposure to an initial stimulus that results in a memory phenotype of enhanced immune responses when exposed to a secondary, heterologous, stimulus. Throughout the literature, it has been shown that the induction of TRIM using such inducers as the BCG vaccine and beta-glucan can provide protection through altered immune responses against a range of viral infections. Here we hypothesize a potential role for beta-glucan in decreasing worldwide morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19, and posit several ideas as to how TRIM may actually shape the observed epidemiological phenomena related to COVID-19. We also evaluate the potential effects of beta-glucan in relation to the immune dysregulation and cytokine storm observed in COVID-19. Ultimately, we hypothesize that the use of oral beta-glucan in a prophylactic setting could be an effective way to boost immune responses and abrogate symptoms in COVID-19, though clinical trials are necessary to confirm the efficacy of this treatment and to further examine differential effects of beta-glucan's from various sources.