Market Size, Competition, and the Product Mix of Exporters
Market Size, Competition, and the Product Mix of Exporters
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市场规模、竞争和出口商的产品组合
DOI：
10.2139/ssrn.1992530
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
G. Ottaviano
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Mayer;Marc J. Melitz;G. Ottaviano
最近的经验证据强调了多产品公司的出口模式如何主导世界贸易流动，以及这些多产品公司如何通过改变其出口产品的数量来应对出口市场上不同的经济状况。在本文中，我们进一步分析了这些出口市场条件对这些商品相对出口销售额的影响：我们称之为企业的产品组合选择。我们建立了一个多产品企业的理论模型，强调了市场规模和地理（贸易伙伴的市场规模和双边经济距离）如何影响企业在市场目的地的出口产品范围和出口产品组合。我们展示了出口市场上更激烈的竞争——与市场上销售的所有产品的加价分布向下转移有关——是如何促使一家公司向其表现最好的产品倾斜出口销售的。我们发现，这种竞争效应对法国出口商在各个出口市场目的地的影响得到了非常有力的证实。我们的理论模型显示了出口市场竞争对企业产品组合的影响如何转化为测量企业生产率的差异。因此，当企业向竞争更激烈的市场出口时，使用特定技术的企业人均产出相对更高。竞争对出口产品组合的影响进一步加剧了生产率的提高。
Recent empirical evidence has highlighted how the export patterns of multi-product firms dominate world trade flows, and how these multi-product firms respond to different economic conditions across export markets by varying the number of products they export. In this paper, we further analyze the effects of those export market conditions on the relative export sales of those goods: we refer to this as the firm's product mix choice. We build a theoretical model of multi-product firms that highlights how market size and geography (the market sizes of and bilateral economic distances to trading partners) affects both a firm's exported product range and its exported product mix across market destinations. We show how tougher competition in an export market - associated with a downward shift in the distribution of markups across all products sold in the market - induces a firm to skew its export sales towards its best performing products. We find very strong confirmation of this competitive effect for French exporters across export market destinations. Our theoretical model shows how this effect of export market competition on a firm's product mix then translates into differences in measured firm productivity. Thus, a firm operating a given technology will produce relatively more output per worker when it exports to markets with tougher competition. This productivity gain is further compounded by the effect of competition on the mix of exported products.
DOI：
10.2139/ssrn.1015617
发表时间：
2006-09
期刊：
McDonough: Strategy [including Economics
影响因子：
--
作者：
A. Bernard;J. Jensen;S. Redding;Peter K. Schott
通讯作者：
A. Bernard;J. Jensen;S. Redding;Peter K. Schott
DOI：
10.2139/ssrn.1475707
发表时间：
2006-12
期刊：
International Trade
影响因子：
--
作者：
A. Bernard;S. Redding;Peter K. Schott
通讯作者：
A. Bernard;S. Redding;Peter K. Schott