Anxiety, alcohol, aphasia, and ums.
Anxiety, alcohol, aphasia, and ums.
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焦虑、酒精、失语症和呃。
DOI：
10.1037//0022-3514.70.3.451
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发表时间：
1996
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
B. Creager
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
N. Christenfeld;B. Creager
尽管有几项研究证明了焦虑和充满停顿（ums，ers和uhs）之间的联系，但大量的失败使人们无法相信两者之间存在任何简单的联系。这篇文章认为，焦虑可能会增加，不是当它使演讲任务更难，而是当它使演讲者注意演讲时。两个实验验证了这个想法。一个操纵评价忧虑，另一个操纵自我意识。两者都显示了ums的急剧增加。另外两项研究考察了这种方法在现实世界中的影响。研究发现，酒精会使说话变得困难，但也会使说话者不太在意自己说的话，从而减少嗯哼。第二项研究发现，布罗卡氏失语症患者，谁生产简单的讲话，但必须仔细考虑每一个字，产生许多嗯。韦尼克氏失语症患者可能不会好好说话，但不介意，并与几个嗯管理。
Although several studies have documented a link between anxiety and filled pauses (ums, ers, and uhs), numerous failures make it impossible to believe that the two are linked in any simple way. This article suggests anxiety may increase ums not when it makes the speech task harder but when it causes the speaker to pay attention to the speech. Two experiments examined this idea. One manipulated evaluation apprehension, and the other manipulated self-consciousness. Both showed dramatic increases in ums. Two more studies examined the real-world implications of this approach. Alcohol, which makes speaking harder but also makes speakers care less about what they say, was found to reduce ums. The second study found that Broca's aphasics, who produce simple speech but must deliberate over every word, produce many ums. Wernicke's aphasics may not talk well, but do not mind, and manage with few ums.
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1995-07
期刊：
--
影响因子：
--
作者：
B. Kolb;I. Whishaw
通讯作者：
B. Kolb;I. Whishaw
DOI：
10.1037//0003-066x.45.8.921
发表时间：
1990
期刊：
The American psychologist
影响因子：
--
作者：
Steele,CM;Josephs,RA
通讯作者：
Josephs,RA