Priority rules and other asymmetric rationing methods
Priority rules and other asymmetric rationing methods
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DOI：
10.1111/1468-0262.00126
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发表时间：
2000-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Moulin, H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Moulin, H
在配给问题中，每个代理人都需要一定数量的某种商品，而可用的资源少于总需求。定量配给方法在资源和个人需求的各个层面上解决了这个问题。我们提出三个公理：一致性--相对于代理人集合的变化--上成分和下成分--相对于可用资源的变化。在商品以不可分割的单位出现的模型中，这三个公理表征了优先级规则族，其中根据代理人的外生排序，按字典顺序满足个人需求。在（更熟悉的）模型，其中商品是可分的，这三个公理加上尺度不变性-测量单位的独立性-表征了丰富的方法家族。它包含了三种对称的方法，给相等的需求相等的份额：这些是熟悉的比例，均匀增益和均匀损失的方法。该家族中的非对称方法将代理划分为优先级类别;在每个类别中，它们使用比例方法或均匀增益或均匀损失方法的加权版本。
In a rationing problem, each agent demands a quantity of a certain commodity and the available resources fall short of total demand. A rationing method solves this problem at every level of resources and individual demands. We impose three axioms: Consistency-with respect to variations of the set of agents-Upper Composition and Lower Composition-with respect to variations of the available resources.In the model where the commodity comes in indivisible units, the three axioms characterize the family of priority rules, where individual demands are met lexicographically according to an exogeneous ordering of the agents.In the (more familiar) model where the commodity is divisible, these three axioms plus Scale Invariance-independence of the measurement unit-characterize a rich family of methods. It contains exactly three symmetric methods, giving equal shares to equal demands: these are the familiar proportional, uniform gains, and uniform losses methods. The asymmetric methods in the family partition the agents into priority classes; within each class, they use either the proportional method or a weighted version of the uniform gains or uniform losses methods.