Linguistic Features and Typologies in Languages Commonly Referred to as ‘Khoisan’
Linguistic Features and Typologies in Languages Commonly Referred to as ‘Khoisan’
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通常被称为“科伊桑语”的语言的语言特征和类型学
DOI:
10.1017/9781108283991.012
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Nakagawa Hirosi
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Witzlack-Makarevich;Alena;Nakagawa Hirosi
In southern and eastern Africa, there used to be over a hundred languages characterized by extensively using click consonants in their phonology (Brenzinger, 2013, 1). These languages have been traditionally referred to as the ‘Khoisan’languages. Only about a dozen of these languages belonging to three different genealogical units are still spoken today. In this article we will provide a typological overview of these languages focusing on the central aspects of their phonology, morphology, and syntax and highlighting the similarities and differences between them. We will also survey the recent contributions dedicated the recurrent question of whether all these languages form one genealogical unit and, if not, how the similarities among them can be explained. We begin first by presenting some of the terminology used to refer to the individual Khoisan languages and groupings (Section 2). We then survey the recent evidence for the genealogical relatedness among the Khoisan languages and other explanations for the similarities among them (Section 3). The major part of the article is dedicated to outlining some central characteristics of the Khoisan languages. We focus on the three large genealogical units viz. Khoe-Kwadi, Kx’a, and Tuu, and largely ignore Hadza and Sandawe for the sake of space. The phonological profile of these three lineages is presented in Section 4. Section 5 surveys some of the most typical morphological characteristics, whereas Section 6 briefly outlines some of the syntactic characteristics. Finally, Section 7 concludes the paper.
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