Payments for environmental services and contested neoliberalisation in developing countries: A case study from Vietnam
Payments for environmental services and contested neoliberalisation in developing countries: A case study from Vietnam
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发展中国家的环境服务付费和有争议的新自由化：越南的案例研究
DOI：
10.1016/j.jrurstud.2014.08.003
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Tran, Nghi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McElwee, Pamela;Nghiem, Tuyen;Le, Hue;Vu, Huong;Tran, Nghi
森林和水资源保护曾经主要依靠监管手段来实现保护目标，但现在，市场和新自由主义环境政策方法的爆炸式增长依赖于创造和利用金融工具来评估环境产品，并提供保护环境所需的资金。环境服务付款（PES）是这些方法中最著名的一种，它为服务的使用者向提供服务的人提供土壤、水和森林养护的奖励。然而，PES作为一种政策方法仍然面临许多挑战，本文探讨了PES方案如何在发展中国家的实践中实施，它们如何与新自由主义环境治理的描述相适应，以及这些政策如何被农村行动者塑造，使其更有利于当地的社会、文化或经济优先事项。这篇论文表明，像PES这样看似新自由主义的政策实际上是市场经济激励和监管方法的混合，因此不应该仅仅被贴上“新自由主义”本身的标签。此外，这种PES政策的变化很大程度上是由于农村行动者积极参与塑造新自由主义政策的哪些部分是可接受的，哪些是不可接受的参数，越南案例研究的数据强调了这一点。最后，本文表明，在越南和其他地方，新自由主义方法的关键目标，即效率和条件，实际上往往是PES计划中最薄弱的组成部分，特别是当它们与当地对公平的关注发生冲突时，这应该引起对如何理解PES成功的重新思考。文章的结论是，PES计划本身不应被视为完全的新自由主义，因为它们实际上可能同时加强国家监管和地方参与和参与农村环境管理。
Forest and water protection once relied primarily on regulatory means to achieve conservation ends, but an explosion of market-based and neoliberal approaches to environmental policy now depend instead on the creation and harnessing of financial instruments to value environmental goods and provide the funding needed for their preservation. Payments for environmental services (PES), which provides incentives for soil, water and forest conservation from users of services to those who provide them, is one of the most well-known of these approaches. However, many challenges remain for PES as a policy approach, and this paper explores how PES schemes have been implemented in practice in developing countries, how well they fit with descriptions of neoliberal environmental governance, and how these policies are being shaped by rural actors to make them more favourable to social, cultural or economic priorities in local areas. The paper shows that seemingly neoliberal policies like PES are actually a mix of both market economic incentives and regulatory approaches, and thus should not be labelled solely “neoliberal” per se. Further, much of this variegation in PES policy has resulted from active engagement of rural actors in shaping the parameters of what parts of neoliberal policy are acceptable, and what are not, and data from a Vietnam case study emphasize this point. Finally, the paper shows how key goals of neoliberal approaches, namely efficiency and conditionality, are often actually the weakest components of PES schemes, in Vietnam and elsewhere, particularly when they clash with local concerns over equity, which should pose a rethinking of how to understand PES success. The article concludes that PES plans should not be considered exclusively neoliberal per se, as they may in fact strengthen both state regulation and local participation and involvement in rural environmental management at the same time.
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