Genetic structure and differentiation in cultivated grape, Vitis vinifera L.
Genetic structure and differentiation in cultivated grape, Vitis vinifera L.
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DOI：
10.1017/s0016672303006177
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发表时间：
2003-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Simon, CJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Aradhya, MK;Dangl, GS;Simon, CJ
对222份栽培葡萄（Vitis vinifera）和22份野生葡萄（V. vinifera ssp. sylvestris）材料在8个微卫星位点进行了遗传多样性和分化分析。共检测到94个等位基因，材料间存在广泛的多态性。材料间的多元关系揭示了16个遗传组，这些遗传组构成3个聚类，支持了葡萄品种的经典生态地理分组：西方组、庞蒂克组和东方组。法国品种似乎具有独特性，并且与野生祖先种（法国西南部（比利牛斯山脉）和突尼斯的ssp. sylvestris）表现出密切的亲缘关系，这可能反映了许多法国古老酿酒品种的起源和驯化历史。鲜食葡萄和酿酒葡萄品种之间存在明显的分化水平，并且在酿酒葡萄中马斯喀特类型（Muscat types）有些独特。列联χ²分析表明，所有位点的群体间等位基因频率存在显著的异质性。不同群体的观测杂合度范围从0.625到0.9，总体平均值为0.771。群体间的遗传关系表明栽培葡萄内部存在等级分化。基因多样性分析表明群体间的差异较小，并且大部分变异存在于群体内部（约85%）。多样性的划分表明剩余的变异在不同分化水平上存在一定的等级结构。遗传多样性的总体结构表明，栽培葡萄的种质代表一个单一的复杂基因库，其结构是由强烈的人工选择和营养繁殖方式决定的。
222 cultivated (Vitis vinifera) and 22 wild (V. vinifera ssp. sylvestris) grape accessions were analysed for genetic diversity and differentiation at eight microsatellite loci. A total of 94 alleles were detected, with extensive polymorphism among the accessions. Multivariate relationships among accessions revealed 16 genetic groups structured into three clusters, supporting the classical eco-geographic grouping of grape cultivars: occidentalis, pontica and orientalis. French cultivars appeared to be distinct and showed close affinity to the wild progenitor, ssp. sylvestris from south-western France (Pyrenees) and Tunisia, probably reflecting the origin and domestication history of many of the old wine cultivars from France. There was appreciable level of differentiation between table and wine grape cultivars, and the Muscat types were somewhat distinct within the wine grapes. Contingency x(2) analysis indicated significant heterogeneity in allele frequencies among groups at all loci. The observed heterozygosities for different groups ranged from 0(.)625 to 0(.)9 with an overall average of 0(.)771. Genetic relationships among groups suggested hierarchical differentiation within cultivated grape. The gene diversity analysis indicated narrow divergence among groups and that most variation was found within groups (similar to85%). Partitioning of diversity suggested that the remaining variation is somewhat structured hierarchically at different levels of differentiation. The overall organization of genetic diversity suggests that the germplasm of cultivated grape represents a single complex gene pool and that its structure is determined by strong artificial selection and a vegetative mode of reproduction.