Best management irrigation practices assessed by a GIS-based decision tool for reducing salinization risks in olive orchards.
Best management irrigation practices assessed by a GIS-based decision tool for reducing salinization risks in olive orchards.
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通过基于 GIS 的决策工具评估最佳管理灌溉实践，以减少橄榄园的盐碱化风险。
DOI：
10.1016/j.agwat.2018.02.010
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
T. Tóth
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Peragón;F. J. Pérez;A. Delgado;T. Tóth
可持续灌溉应依赖于水的有效利用，同时避免土壤退化。为此，评估最佳管理做法的决策工具是必要的。然而，几乎没有证据表明有有效的工具来评估区域范围内的最佳灌溉做法，同时考虑到水质，以避免土壤退化和对作物产量的负面影响。这项工作的目的是利用基于地理信息系统的决策工具评估最佳灌溉管理做法，以减少橄榄园灌溉水中盐分的负面影响。该工具的方法首先涉及两种可用水源的混合，即地表水和地下水，必要时，应用淋滤分数(LF)。我们在Jaen省(西班牙南部)测试了这一工具，作为地中海环境中橄榄种植的代表性地区。在82.4%的研究区域，两种水源中的一种电导率(ECW)低于规定的阈值(1.8 DS m−1)，无需混合即可使用。在16%的灌溉土地上，混合水以达到最佳灌溉水质是可能的。在其他9.8%的灌溉土地中，需要淋洗部分才能达到规定的盐度阈值。在可能掺水的地区，这一策略产生了该省估计的最佳灌溉用水效率(IWE)。在必要时配合调水和LF，全省年总收入可增加80 - 欧元，该决策工具易于针对不同作物和地区进行更新。它能够转换和结合地理数据和价值判断，以便在区域范围内进行灌溉决策，以期实现最有效的灌溉用水，同时避免水盐分对作物和土壤的负面影响。
Sustainable irrigation should rely on the efficient use of water while avoiding soil degradation. To this end, decision tools for assessing best management practices are necessary. There is, however, little evidence of efficient tools to assess best irrigation practices at regional scale taking into account water quality to avoid soil degradation and negative impacts on crop yields. The objective of this work was the performance of a GIS-based decision tool to assess best irrigation management practices aimed at reducing the negative effect of salts in irrigation water in olive orchards. The approach in this tool involved first the blending of two sources of available waters, surface and underground, and when necessary, the application of leaching fractions (LF). We tested this tool in the province of Jaen (south Spain) as representative area of olive cultivation in Mediterranean environments.In 82.4% of the study area, the use of one of both water sources with electrical conductivity (ECw) below the defined threshold (1.8 dS m−1) was possible without blending. Water blending for achieving optimal irrigation water quality was possible in 16% of the irrigated land. In other 9.8% of the irrigated land, leaching fraction was required to achieve the defined salinity threshold. In the area where water blending was possible, this strategy resulted in the best irrigation water efficiency (IWE) estimated for the province. With water blending and LF when necessary, the annual gross income in the province can be increased by 80 mill €.The proposed GIS-base decision tool is easy to update for different crops and regions. It is able to transform and combine geographical data and value judgments for decision making in irrigation at a regional scale with a view of achieving the most efficient irrigation water use while avoiding negative effects on crop and soil due to water salinity.