How many species of gall-inducing insects are there on earth, and where are they?
How many species of gall-inducing insects are there on earth, and where are they?
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三色脂翅目昆虫（Psocoptera：Liposcelididae）的发育和繁殖与温度的函数关系
DOI：
10.1603/0013-8746(2007)100
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发表时间：
2007-03-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Fernandes, G. Wilson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Espirito-Santo, M. M.;Fernandes, G. Wilson
在过去的二十年中，对于地球上昆虫的实际数量存在相当大的争论，目前的估计范围为 5 至 3000 万种。对于胆诱发昆虫这一世界性的专业食草动物群体，40 年前对全球丰富度的最新估计显示有 13,000 种，其中大部分来自温带地区。为了更新这些估计，我们使用了 10 项研究，提供了世界各地不同植被类型中每种植物（有瘿和无瘿）的平均虫瘿昆虫种类数，以及最近对地球上 422,000 种种子植物的计算。考虑到大多数胆诱导昆虫是单食性的，这些数据被推断到全球植物区系，假设胆诱导昆虫丰富度和植物丰富度之间存在正相关关系。全球胆虫丰富度估计为 21,000 至 211,000 种，平均为 132,930 种。所描述的胆诱导昆虫的全球分布模式表明，在有硬叶植被的暖温带地区，其丰富度更高。然而，由于热带雨林植物丰富，它们可能拥有更高绝对数量的诱发胆虫的昆虫。大多数动物群都存在于尚未探索的热带雨林树冠上，特别是在新热带地区。在热带地区增加采样工作应该可以填补以胆诱导昆虫为代表的分类学空白，并可能改变迄今为止描述的生物地理模式。
During the last two decades, there was considerable debate on the actual number of insect species on Earth, and current estimates range from 5 to 30 million species. For gall-inducing insects, a cosmopolitan group of specialist herbivores, the last, 40-yr-old estimate of global richness indicated 13,000 species, mostly from temperate regions. To update these estimates, we used 10 studies that provided the average number of gall-inducing insect species per plant species (galled and nongalled) in different vegetation types around the world, and a recent calculation of 422,000 seed plant species on Earth. Considering that most of the gall-inducing insects are monophagous, these data were extrapolated to the global flora, assuming a positive relationship between gall-inducing insect richness and plant richness. Estimates of the global richness of gall-inducing insects ranged from 21,000 to 211,000 species, with an average of 132,930 species. The global distribution pattern described for gall-inducing insects pointed to a higher richness in warm temperate regions with sclerophyllous vegetation. However, it is likely that the tropical rain forests would harbor a higher absolute number of gall-inducing insects, due to their outstanding plant richness. Most of this fauna will be found on the poorly explored canopies of rain forests, especially in the Neotropical region. An increased sampling effort in tropical regions should fill the taxonomy gap represented by gall-inducing insects and possibly change the biogeographic patterns described so far.