Historical faunal exchange between the Pontocaspian Basin and North America
Historical faunal exchange between the Pontocaspian Basin and North America
复制标题
DOI：
10.1002/ece3.5602
复制
发表时间：
2019-08
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Justine Vandendorpe;Christiaan G C van Baak;Björn Stelbrink;Diana Delicado;C. Albrecht;T. Wilke
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Justine Vandendorpe;Christiaan G C van Baak;Björn Stelbrink;Diana Delicado;C. Albrecht;T. Wilke
摘要Ecrobia是一种小型咸水泥螺，分布于大西洋两岸。有趣的是，西北大西洋的Ecrobia truncata与Pontocaspian类群Ecrobia grimmi和Ecrobia maritima的关系更密切，而不是东北大西洋和地中海的物种。至少有三种殖民情景可以解释这种特殊的地理模式：（1）最近的人类传播，（2）历史上的跨大西洋交换，（3）历史上的跨极地交换。为了检验这三种情况，我们使用了五个操作标准，物种分化的时间，首次出现在化石记录中，扩散限制以及环境过滤和生物相互作用沿着潜在的迁移路线。具体来说，我们推断了Ecrobia的时间校准分子生物学，并重建了250万年前北冰洋的古地理地图。根据这五项业务标准，设想1和2可能被拒绝。相反，所有的标准支持场景3（历史transpolar交换）。因此，这表明鸟类介导和/或洋流介导的动物群交换通过北冰洋发生在上新世晚期或更新世早期。这种扩散可能是由于欧亚大陆和北美/格陵兰大陆之间的距离缩短，海洋基因渗入和/或西伯利亚北方咸水栖息地的踏脚石系统，以及迁移路线沿着缺乏竞争。至于扩散的方向，所提供的科学数据并不是结论性的。然而，显然，更多的支持的情况下，分散从里海盆地到北美，而不是反之亦然。这是第一项为里海盆地和北美洲之间通过北冰洋进行的自然动物交流提供证据的研究。
Abstract Ecrobia is a genus of small brackish‐water mud snails with an amphi‐Atlantic distribution. Interestingly, the species occurring in the northwestern Atlantic, Ecrobia truncata, is more closely related to the Pontocaspian taxa, Ecrobia grimmi and Ecrobia maritima, than to the species occurring in the northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea. At least three colonization scenarios may account for this peculiar biogeographical pattern: (1) a recent human‐mediated dispersal, (2) a historical transatlantic interchange, and (3) a historical transpolar interchange. To test these three scenarios, we used five operational criteria—time of species divergence, first appearance in the fossil record, dispersal limitation as well as environmental filtering and biotic interactions along the potential migration routes. Specifically, we inferred a time‐calibrated molecular phylogeny for Ecrobia and reconstructed a paleogeographical map of the Arctic Ocean at 2.5 million years ago (Mya). Based on the five operational criteria, scenarios 1 and 2 can likely be rejected. In contrast, all criteria support scenario 3 (historical transpolar interchange). It is therefore suggested that a bird‐mediated and/or ocean current‐mediated faunal interchange via the Arctic Ocean occurred during the Late Pliocene or Early Pleistocene. This dispersal was likely facilitated by reduced distances between the Eurasian and North American/Greenland landmasses, marine introgressions, and/or a stepping‐stone system of brackish‐water habitats in northern Siberia, as well as a lack of competition along the migration route. As for the direction of dispersal, the scientific data presented are not conclusive. However, there is clearly more support for the scenario of dispersal from the Pontocaspian Basin to North America than vice versa. This is the first study providing evidence for a natural faunal exchange between the Pontocaspian Basin and North America via the Arctic Ocean.