A sensory role for the cruciate ligaments.
A sensory role for the cruciate ligaments.
复制标题
十字韧带的感觉作用。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1991
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
P. Sojka
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Johansson;P. Sjölander;P. Sojka
对十字韧带感觉作用的形态、生理和临床证据进行了综述。十字韧带容纳形态上不同的感觉神经末梢(Ruffini末梢、环状小体、高尔基肌腱机化末梢和游离神经末梢)，具有不同的功能，不仅向中枢神经系统提供关于伤害性和化学事件的信息，而且还提供关于这些韧带的运动特征和位置相关伸展的信息。现有资料表明，低阈值关节韧带受体(即机械感受器)传入只在骨骼运动神经元(α运动神经元)中引起微弱和罕见的效应，而它们经常和强烈地影响融合运动神经元(伽马运动神经元)。对膝关节周围肌肉的伽马-肌梭系统的影响是如此之大，以至于即使在相对中等的负荷(不是有害的)下拉伸十字韧带也可能引起肌梭传入反应的重大变化。由于初级肌梭传入的活动改变了肌肉的僵硬，十字韧带受体可能通过伽马-肌梭系统参与膝关节周围肌肉僵硬的调节和预编程，从而参与膝关节僵硬的调节和预编程。因此，十字韧带的感觉系统能够显著地促进膝关节的功能稳定。
Morphologic, physiologic, and clinical evidence for the sensory role of the cruciate ligaments is reviewed. The cruciate ligaments accommodate morphologically different sensory nerve endings (Ruffini endings, Pacinian corpuscles, Golgi tendon organlike endings, and free nerve endings) with different capabilities of providing the central nervous system with information not only about noxious and chemical events but also about characteristics of movements and position-related stretches of these ligaments. A survey of available data reveals that low threshold joint-ligament receptor (i.e., mechanoreceptor) afferents evoke only weak and rare effects in skeletomotor neurons (alpha-motor neurons), while they frequently and powerfully influence fusimotor neurons (gamma-motor neurons). The effects on the gamma-muscle-spindle system in the muscles around the knee are so potent that even stretches of the cruciate ligaments at relatively moderate loads (not noxious) may induce major changes in responses of the muscle spindle afferents. As the activity in the primary muscle spindle afferents modifies the stiffness in the muscles, the cruciate ligament receptors, via the gamma-muscle-spindle system, may participate in the regulation and preprogramming of the muscular stiffness around the knee joint and thereby of the knee joint stiffness. Thus, the sensory system of the cruciate ligaments is able to significantly contribute to the functional stability of the knee joint.