Vichy in the tropics : Pétain's national revolution in Madagascar, Guadeloupe, and Indochina, 1940-1944
Vichy in the tropics : Pétain's national revolution in Madagascar, Guadeloupe, and Indochina, 1940-1944
复制标题
热带地区的维希：贝当在马达加斯加、瓜德罗普岛和印度支那的民族革命，1940-1944 年
DOI：
10.2307/4107351
复制
发表时间：
2002
影响因子：
1.1
通讯作者：
E. Jennings
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Jennings
这本书探讨了维希政权在第二次世界大战后给法国殖民帝国带来深刻变化方面的作用。战争结束后，法国的殖民体系开始瓦解。1945年印度支那爆发战争，1947年马达加斯加爆发战争，而瓜德罗普选择了相反的道路，1946年成为法国领土的一部分。这本书追溯了“国民革命”的整体主义意识形态引入法国殖民领域，对维希政权的性质，法国殖民主义的多样性以及非殖民化的开端提供了新的见解。这一研究涵盖了三个截然不同的地区和文化，揭示了维希在海外自我复制的统一性和这种意识形态克隆所呈现的多样性。第二次世界大战通常被认为是法国殖民帝国变革的推动者，只是因为它使法国失去了作为殖民者的威望。作者认为，菲利普·贝当元帅的维希政权对非殖民化的贡献要大得多，它引入了一种基于新的、更严厉的殖民主义的意识形态，直接或间接地助长了本土民族主义。作者还驳斥了流行的观点，即维希政府的殖民行动背后隐藏着纳粹的压力，该政权在殖民事务中缺乏任何真实的代理。他指出，维希领导人非但没有允许德国人在幕后管理法国殖民地，反而在整个法兰西帝国大力推行他们自己的极端保守主义思想。他们给殖民地带来了一种威权主义，不仅引起了强烈的反对，而且在土著文化中播下了民族主义复兴的种子。具有讽刺意味的是，该政权唤醒了长期沉睡的民族主义情绪，将贝当珍视的真实性、传统、民间传说和人民主义等主题引入帝国。
This book examines the role of the Vichy regime in bringing about profound changes in the French colonial empire after World War II. In the war's aftermath, the French colonial system began to break down. Indochina erupted into war in 1945 and Madagascar in 1947, while Guadeloupe chose an opposite course, becoming territorially part of France in 1946. The book traces the introduction of an integralist ideology of "National Revolution" to the French colonial realm, shedding new light on the nature of the Vichy regime, on the diversity of French colonialism, and on the beginnings of decolonization. Encompassing three very different regions and cultures, the study reveals both a unity in Vichy's self-reproduction overseas and a diversity of forms which this ideological cloning assumed. World War II is often presented as an agent of change in the French colonial empire only insofar as it engendered a loss of prestige for France as colonizer. The author argues that Marshal Philippe Petain's Vichy regime contributed to decolonization in a much more substantial way, by ushering in an ideology based on a new, harsher brand of colonialism that both directly and indirectly fueled indigenous nationalism.The author also rejects the popular notion that Nazi pressure lurked behind the Vichy government's colonial actions, and that the regime lacked any real agency in colonial affairs. He shows that, far from allowing the Germans to run French colonies from behind the scenes, Vichy leaders vigorously promoted their own undiluted form of ultra-conservative ideology throughout the French empire. They delivered to the colonies an authoritarianism that not only elicited fierce opposition but sowed the seeds of nationalist resurgence among indigenous cultures. Ironically, the regime awoke long-dormant nationalist sentiments by introducing to the empire Petain's cherished themes of authenticity, tradition, folklore, and volkism.