Nutriepigenetics and cardiovascular disease.
Nutriepigenetics and cardiovascular disease.
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DOI：
10.1097/mco.0000000000000477
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发表时间：
2018-07
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Buxton JL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kalea AZ;Drosatos K;Buxton JL
我们目前的观点表观遗传改变，可导致心血管疾病（CVD）和潜在的饮食因素，以抵消他们的行动。此外，我们还讨论了饮食治疗作为疾病预防和治疗的表观遗传修饰剂的挑战和机遇。最近的表观基因组关联研究沿着候选基因方法和细胞培养和动物模型中的功能研究已经描绘了营养素、食物化合物和饮食模式可能影响表观基因组的机制。CVD的几个危险因素，包括肥胖，炎症和氧化应激，与组蛋白乙酰化，较低的整体DNA甲基化水平和较短的端粒长度的变化有关。大量营养素过剩，如高脂肪饮食或特定营养素缺乏，如叶酸和其他B族维生素，可影响DNA甲基转移酶和组蛋白修饰酶的活性，影响胎儿生长，葡萄糖/脂质代谢，氧化应激，炎症和动脉粥样硬化。生物活性化合物如多酚（白藜芦醇、姜黄素）或表没食子儿茶素可激活脱乙酰酶SIRT、组蛋白脱乙酰酶或乙酰转移酶，进而激活炎症介质的反应。坚持心脏保护饮食模式，如地中海饮食（MedDiet），与炎症和免疫能力相关基因的甲基化和表达改变有关。营养素和饮食模式可能改变心血管表观基因组的机制仍然难以捉摸。研究的挑战是确定哪些营养表观遗传效应是可逆的，以便新的发现转化为有效的饮食干预措施，以预防CVD或其进展。
We present a current perspective of epigenetic alterations that can lead to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the potential of dietary factors to counteract their actions. In addition, we discuss the challenges and opportunities of dietary treatments as epigenetic modifiers for disease prevention and therapy. Recent epigenome-wide association studies along with candidate gene approaches and functional studies in cell culture and animal models have delineated mechanisms through which nutrients, food compounds and dietary patterns may affect the epigenome. Several risk factors for CVD, including adiposity, inflammation and oxidative stress have been associated with changes in histone acetylation, lower global DNA methylation levels and shorter telomere length. A surplus of macronutrients such as in a high fat diet or deficiencies of specific nutrients such as folate and other B-vitamins can affect the activity of DNA methyltransferases and histone modifying enzymes, affecting foetal growth, glucose/lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation and atherosclerosis. Bioactive compounds such as polyphenols (resveratrol, curcumin) or epigallocatechin may activate deacetylases SIRTs, histone deacetylases or acetyltransferases and in turn the response of inflammatory mediators. Adherence to cardioprotective dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), has been associated with altered methylation and expression of genes related to inflammation and immuno-competence. The mechanisms through which nutrients and dietary patterns may alter the cardiovascular epigenome remain elusive. The research challenge is to determine which of these nutriepigenetic effects are reversible, so that novel findings translate into effective dietary interventions to prevent CVD or its progression.