Effect of adaptive opportunity on cognitive performance in warm environments
Effect of adaptive opportunity on cognitive performance in warm environments
复制标题
适应机会对温暖环境中认知表现的影响
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153698
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Richard de Dear
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Naoe Nishihara;Jing Xiong ;Jungsoo Kim;Hui Zhu;Richard de Dear
本研究旨在探讨建筑物使用者的热适应机会会影响其认知表现及心理负荷的假设。通过近红外光谱（NIRS）测量脑血流量的变化率（Δ总Hb），并将其解释为受试者在执行认知任务（n-back测试）时的心理负荷的度量，无论是否获得热适应机会，例如可调节的风扇诱导的气流和服装绝缘调节。参与者经历了三种实验条件：条件22（操作温度= 22 °C，无适应机会），条件28（温度= 28 °C，无适应机会）和条件28 w（温度= 28 °C，有适应机会）。在条件28周下，热感觉是中性的，而热满意度和舒适度水平高于条件28，与条件22相同。受试者的平均皮肤温度在条件22下最低，为32.1 °C，其次是条件28，为33.6 °C，而最高，为34.5 °C。在三种不同的环境条件下，n-back测试的准确性和反应时间没有显着差异。28周时，精神疲劳水平和左侧Δ总Hb值最低，但差异无统计学意义。适应机会的可用性在扩大热环境条件范围方面发挥着重要作用，以在中等温暖的环境（至= 28 °C）中实现最佳认知任务表现。这一发现不能完全解释人类热平衡和相关的生理反应的适应性行为的直接影响，但无法解释的组件可能是由于人类适应性反应的心理层面。这些发现及其在自适应舒适框架内的解释与认知表现的扩展U假设一致。
This study investigates the hypothesis that thermal adaptive opportunities available to building occupants affect their cognitive performance and mental workload. The change rate of cerebral blood flow (Δtotal Hb) was measured by Near Infra-Red Spectroscopy (NIRS) and interpreted as the metric of mental workload in subjects while performing cognitive tasks (n-back tests) with, or without access to thermal adaptive opportunities such as regulable fan-induced air flow and clothing insulation adjustment. Participants underwent three experimental conditions:Condition 22(operative temperature to= 22 °C without adaptive opportunities),Condition 28(to= 28 °C without adaptive opportunities), andCondition 28w(to= 28 °C with adaptive opportunities. UnderCondition 28w, thermal sensations were neutral, while thermal satisfaction and comfort levels were higher than those reported forCondition 28, and the same as those reported underCondition 22. The subjects' mean skin temperature underCondition 22was the lowest at 32.1 °C, followed byCondition 28wat 33.6 °C, while the highest, 34.5 °C was recorded inCondition 28. No significant differences were observed in accuracy and reaction time of n-back tests between the three different environmental conditions. UnderCondition 28w, mental fatigue levels and the left side Δ total Hb results were lowest out of all three conditions, although the differences failed to reach statistical significance. Availability of adaptive opportunities plays a role in expanding the range of thermal environmental conditions for optimal cognitive task performance in a moderately warm environment (to= 28 °C). This finding cannot be fully explained by the direct effect of adaptive behaviours on human heat balance and associated physiological responses, but the unexplained component may potentially be attributed to the psychological dimension of human adaptive response. These findings and their interpretation within an adaptive comfort framework are consistent with the extended-U hypothesis of cognitive performance.