Sample‐size calculation and reestimation for a semiparametric analysis of recurrent event data taking robust standard errors into account

Sample‐size calculation and reestimation for a semiparametric analysis of recurrent event data taking robust standard errors into account
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考虑稳健标准误差的周期性事件数据半参数分析的样本量计算和重新估计

DOI:
10.1002/bimj.201300090
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发表时间:
2014
影响因子:
1.7
通讯作者:
Jahn-Eimermacher
Jahn-Eimermacher
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Jahn-Eimermacher

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在一些临床试验中,相同类型事件的重复发生是主要的兴趣,并且Andersen-Gill模型已被提出来分析复发事件数据。确定Andersen-Gill分析所需样本量的现有方法依赖于强有力的假设,即个体经历事件的风险的所有异质性都可以通过已知的协变量来解释。然而,在实践中,由于影响至事件发生时间的未知或未测量的协变量,可能会违反这一假设。在这些情况下,强烈建议在计算检验统计量时使用稳健方差估计,以确保I类错误率,但这反过来会降低试验的实际功效。在这篇文章中,我们推导出一个新的样本量公式,即使在存在无法解释的异质性的情况下也能达到所需的功效。该公式基于考虑异质性程度和稳健方差估计特性的通胀因子。然而,在试验的规划阶段,通货膨胀系数的大小通常会有一些不确定性。因此,我们提出了一项内部初步研究设计,以在研究期间重新估计通货膨胀因子并相应调整样本量。在仿真研究中,这种设计的性能和有效性方面的I型错误率和功率被证明。我们的方法应用于HepaTel试验,评估肝硬化患者的新干预措施。
In some clinical trials, the repeated occurrence of the same type of event is of primary interest and the Andersen–Gill model has been proposed to analyze recurrent event data. Existing methods to determine the required sample size for an Andersen–Gill analysis rely on the strong assumption that all heterogeneity in the individuals' risk to experience events can be explained by known covariates. In practice, however, this assumption might be violated due to unknown or unmeasured covariates affecting the time to events. In these situations, the use of a robust variance estimate in calculating the test statistic is highly recommended to assure the type I error rate, but this will in turn decrease the actual power of the trial. In this article, we derive a new sample‐size formula to reach the desired power even in the presence of unexplained heterogeneity. The formula is based on an inflation factor that considers the degree of heterogeneity and characteristics of the robust variance estimate. Nevertheless, in the planning phase of a trial there will usually be some uncertainty about the size of the inflation factor. Therefore, we propose an internal pilot study design to reestimate the inflation factor during the study and adjust the sample size accordingly. In a simulation study, the performance and validity of this design with respect to type I error rate and power are proven. Our method is applied to the HepaTel trial evaluating a new intervention for patients with cirrhosis of the liver.
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