The Distinctiveness Principle: Identity, Meaning, and the Bounds of Cultural Relativity
The Distinctiveness Principle: Identity, Meaning, and the Bounds of Cultural Relativity
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独特性原则：同一性、意义和文化相对论的界限
DOI：
10.1207/s15327957pspr0404_4
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发表时间：
2000
影响因子：
10.8
通讯作者：
G. Breakwell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
V. Vignoles;X. Chryssochoou;G. Breakwell
扩展身份中的独特性动机理论（Breakwell，1987; Brewer，1991; Snyder & Fromkin，1980），我们讨论了独特性在身份过程中的确切作用以及独特性原则的跨文化普遍性。我们认为，（a）在西方文化中，独特性是必要的身份内的意义的建设，和（B）独特性原则是不兼容的非西方文化体系。我们提出了区别性的三个来源：位置，差异和分离，与身份和行为的不同含义之间的区别。这些来源在文化中共存，在个人和群体层面的自我表现，但他们可能会根据文化和背景不同的强调。
Extending theories of distinctiveness motivation in identity (Breakwell, 1987; Brewer, 1991; Snyder & Fromkin, 1980), we discuss the precise role of distinctiveness in identity processes and the cross-cultural generality of the distinctiveness principle. We argue that (a) within Western cultures, distinctiveness is necessaryfor the construction of meaning within identity, and (b) the distinctiveness principle is not incompatible with non-Western cultural systems. We propose a distinction among three sources of distinctiveness: position, difference, and separateness, with different implications for identity and behavior. These sources coexist within cultures, on both individual and group levels of selfrepresentation, but they may be emphasized differently according to culture and context.