Enhancing the capabilities of forcibly displaced people: a human development approach to conflict- and displacement-related stressors.
Enhancing the capabilities of forcibly displaced people: a human development approach to conflict- and displacement-related stressors.
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DOI：
10.1017/s2045796021000263
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发表时间：
2021-04-29
影响因子：
8.1
通讯作者：
Van der Boor C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
White RG;Van der Boor C
被迫流离失所者的心理健康可能会受到战争相关创伤事件和流离失所相关压力因素的影响，这些压力因素是他们的移民旅程和随后的经历造成的。除了关注精神障碍外，还需要探索对被迫流离失所者很重要的更广泛的社会心理结果。我们的目标是提出一个连贯的解释框架，以了解过去的创伤事件和在被迫流离失所者的社会环境中持续存在的压力源如何影响心理健康和社会心理福祉。我们描述了能力方法（CA），这是一种人类发展框架，它强调个人自由地从事对他们有价值的存在和行为形式。我们考虑 CA 提供的机会，帮助我们了解多种因素如何影响被迫流离失所者，以及如何配置不同形式的支持来满足特定人群和社区的需求。 CA 认识到，各种因素对被迫流离失所者的影响具有共同的假定因果机制，即这些因素限制了一个人发展能力的能力以及他们从事有价值的存在和行为形式的自由。 CA 的基于权利的精神使得多部门和协调的活动成为可能，这些活动可以针对解决整个社会环境中的因素。重要的是，CA 有助于解释为什么特定形式的支持在某些时候可能比其他时候对个人或社区更有利。 CA的应用有助于防范以下风险：旨在支持被迫流离失所者的评估工具和干预措施的愿望狭隘地集中于解决痛苦和混乱，而不是更广泛地关注被迫流离失所者的潜力和他们希望实现的可能性。
The mental health of individuals who have been forcibly displaced can be impacted both by war-related traumatic events and displacement-related stressors, which arise as a consequence of their migratory journey and subsequent experiences. In addition to focusing on mental disorders, there is a need to explore broader psychosocial outcomes that are important for forcibly displaced people. Our aim is to present a coherent explanatory framework to understand how both past traumatic events and ongoing stressors operating throughout forcibly displaced people's social environment can impact mental health and psychosocial wellbeing. We describe the capability approach (CA), a human development framework that foregrounds individuals’ freedom to engage in forms of being and doing that are valuable to them. We consider the opportunities that the CA provides for understanding how a myriad of factors can impact forcibly displaced people, and how different forms of support can be configured to meet the needs of particular people and communities. The CA recognises that various factors can share a common putative causal mechanism in their impact on forcibly displaced people, i.e. these factors limit a person's ability to develop capabilities and their freedom to engage in valued forms of being and doing. The rights based ethos of the CA enables multisectoral and coordinated activity, which can be directed towards addressing factors across the social environment. Importantly, the CA helps to explain why particular forms of support may be more beneficial for individuals or communities at certain times compared to others. The application of the CA can help to guard against the risk that the aspirations of assessment instruments and interventions aimed at supporting forcibly displaced people are narrowly focused on addressing distress and disorders, to instead adopt a more expansive focus on forcibly displaced people's potential and the possibilities that they wish to realise.