Impact of emissions from natural gas production facilities on ambient air quality in the Barnett Shale area: A pilot study
Impact of emissions from natural gas production facilities on ambient air quality in the Barnett Shale area: A pilot study
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DOI：
10.1080/10962247.2014.954735
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发表时间：
2014-08
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
B. Zielińska;D. Campbell;V. Samburova
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Zielińska;D. Campbell;V. Samburova
近年来，德克萨斯州巴尼特页岩地区页岩气资源的快速和广泛开发引起了人们对水和空气质量潜在环境影响的担忧。本研究的目的是为了更好地了解巴尼特页岩地区天然气生产作业排放对人口接触空气有毒物质的潜在贡献。这一目标是通过结合使用活跃井的挥发性有机化合物 (VOC) 排放的化学特征、对位于活跃的天然气/石油开采和加工设施附近的住宅社区中的气态和颗粒污染物的饱和度监测、使用化学质量平衡 (CMB) 受体模型在社区中测量的 VOC 源解析以及直接测量高 VOC 排放气井顺风处的污染物梯度来实现的。总体而言，研究结果表明，单个气井和压缩机站对空气质量的影响在顺风方向约 100 m 的距离之外不太可能被察觉。然而，来源解析结果表明，天然气生产源对区域 VOC 有显着贡献，尤其是低分子量烷烃 (<C6)。尽管测得的环境挥发性有机化合物浓度远低于基于健康的安全暴露水平，但城市水平苯和其他移动源空气有毒物质平均浓度的存在，加上住宅或商业开发很少的地区较高的烟尘与总碳比率，可能表明与天然气生产相关的重型车辆交通量增加的影响。 影响 近年来页岩气资源的快速和广泛开发引起了人们对水和空气质量潜在环境影响的担忧。本研究的重点是直接测量天然气开采和加工设施附近住宅区的环境空气污染物水平，并估计天然气生产和机动车排放对环境挥发性有机化合物浓度的相对贡献。尽管只是一个小规模的案例研究，但结果可能有助于指导规划未来的环境空气质量研究和页岩气密集生产地区的人类暴露估计。
Rapid and extensive development of shale gas resources in the Barnett Shale region of Texas in recent years has created concerns about potential environmental impacts on water and air quality. The purpose of this study was to provide a better understanding of the potential contributions of emissions from gas production operations to population exposure to air toxics in the Barnett Shale region. This goal was approached using a combination of chemical characterization of the volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from active wells, saturation monitoring for gaseous and particulate pollutants in a residential community located near active gas/oil extraction and processing facilities, source apportionment of VOCs measured in the community using the Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) receptor model, and direct measurements of the pollutant gradient downwind of a gas well with high VOC emissions. Overall, the study results indicate that air quality impacts due to individual gas wells and compressor stations are not likely to be discernible beyond a distance of approximately 100 m in the downwind direction. However, source apportionment results indicate a significant contribution to regional VOCs from gas production sources, particularly for lower-molecular-weight alkanes (<C6). Although measured ambient VOC concentrations were well below health-based safe exposure levels, the existence of urban-level mean concentrations of benzene and other mobile source air toxics combined with soot to total carbon ratios that were high for an area with little residential or commercial development may be indicative of the impact of increased heavy-duty vehicle traffic related to gas production Implications Rapid and extensive development of shale gas resources in recent years has created concerns about potential environmental impacts on water and air quality. This study focused on directly measuring the ambient air pollutant levels occurring at residential properties located near natural gas extraction and processing facilities, and estimating the relative contributions from gas production and motor vehicle emissions to ambient VOC concentrations. Although only a small-scale case study, the results may be useful for guidance in planning future ambient air quality studies and human exposure estimates in areas of intensive shale gas production.